SOUTHERN REGION METARTAF BRIEFING SPRING 1996 Downloaded from
SOUTHERN REGION METAR/TAF BRIEFING SPRING 1996 Downloaded from www. avhf. com
An Introduction to the ICAO Format Downloaded from www. avhf. com
ICAO Weather u OBJECTIVE – Interpret and disseminate ICAO weather products. u MOTIVATION – US will comply with ICAO procedures by July 1, 1996. Downloaded from www. avhf. com
ICAO Weather u METAR – Aviation Routine Weather report u SPECI – Special Aviation Weather report u TAF – Terminal Forecast u TAF AMD – Amended Terminal Forecast Downloaded from www. avhf. com
Routine Aviation Weather Report (METAR) MIA SA 1856 AO 2 A CLR BLO 120 10+ 118/32/21/0807/997 METAR KMIA 231856 Z AUTO 08007 KT 10 SM CLR 12/M 04 A 2997 RMK AO 2 SLP 118 Downloaded from www. avhf. com
Meteorological Aerodrome Report Downloaded from www. avhf. com
ORDER OF ENTRY SURFACE ANALYSIS LOCID / RPT TYPE / OBS TYPE / TIME / AUTO / SKY COND / VSBY / SIG WX / RSTN TO VSBY / SLP / TEMP / DEW PT / WIND / ALSTG/ RMKS METAR RPT TYPE / LOCID / TIME / AUTO / SFC WIND / VSBY / RVR / SIG WX / RSTN TO VSBY / SKY COND / TEMP / DEW PT / ALSTG / RMKS Downloaded from www. avhf. com
METAR KMIA 231856 Z AUTO 08007 KT 10 SM CLR 32/21 A 2997 RMK AO 2 u TYPE OF REPORT Downloaded from www. avhf. com
METAR KMIA 231856 Z AUTO 08007 KT 10 SM CLR 32/21 A 2997 RMK AO 2 u LOCATION in FOUR LETTERS – KDEN, PAFA, PHNL, CYYC, MMMX Downloaded from www. avhf. com
METAR KMIA 231856 Z AUTO 08007 KT 10 SM CLR 32/21 A 2997 RMK AO 2 u DATE/TIME group in UTC – Observation between H+50 & 00 – International on the hour - 231900 Z Downloaded from www. avhf. com
METAR KMIA 231856 Z AUTO 08007 KT 10 SM CLR 32/21 A 2997 RMK AO 2 u AUTOMATED Weather Observations – Fully automated, no human intervention – AUTO removed when an observer is present Downloaded from www. avhf. com
METAR KMIA 231856 Z COR 08007 KT 10 SM CLR 32/21 A 2997 RMK AO 2 u CORRECTION – Canada - CCA, Downloaded from www. avhf. com
METAR KMIA 231856 Z AUTO 08007 KT 10 SM CLR 32/21 A 2997 RMK AO 2 u SURFACE WIND – Direction in Three Digits – Speed in Two or Three Digits plus Gusts 00000 KT VRB 06 KT 33012 MPS 18032 KPH 24015 G 25 KT 200 V 270 Downloaded from www. avhf. com
METAR KMIA 231856 Z AUTO 08007 KT 10 SM CLR 32/21 A 2997 RMK AO 2 u VISIBILITY – 20 SM – M 1/4 SM – 7000 – 15 KM Statute Miles AUTO only Meters Kilometers Downloaded from www. avhf. com
METAR KJFK 231856 Z AUTO 16007 KT 1/4 SM R 21/1600 FT +SN BKN 045 M 06/M 10 A 2982 RMK AO 2 u RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE – R 21/ Runway, plus L, C, or R – 1600 FT Visibility, M 0600 FT/P 6000 FT – R 10 L/1600 V 2000 FT Variability – Canada 1600/D, 1600/U, 1600/N Downloaded from www. avhf. com
METAR KMIA 231856 Z AUTO 08007 KT 5 SM -SHRA BKN 045 32/21 A 2997 RMK AO 2 u SIGNIFICANT WEATHER – Present at the station or in the vicinity Downloaded from www. avhf. com
QUALIFIER Intensity u - unone u + Light Moderate Heavy Downloaded from www. avhf. com
QUALIFIER Proximity u. VC Vicinity – Within 5 to 10 SM of station, except precipitation is 0 to 10 SM. – VCTS VCSH – VCFG VCPO – VCBLSN VCDS – VCBLDU VCSS Downloaded from www. avhf. com
QUALIFIER Descriptor MIFG BCFG PRFG BLDU SHRA DRSN FZDZ TSGR VCTS VCSH Downloaded from www. avhf. com
QUALIFIER Descriptor u MI – MIFG u BC – BCFG u PR – PRFG Shallow (mince) Patches (banc) Partial Downloaded from www. avhf. com
QUALIFIER Descriptor u SH Showers – SHRA, SHSN, SHPE, SHGR, SHGS u DR Low Drifting – DRSN, DRDU, DRSA u TS Thunderstorm – TS, TSRA, TSGR, TSRASNGR Downloaded from www. avhf. com
QUALIFIER Descriptor u FZ Freezing – FZRA, FZDZ, FZFG u BL Blowing – BLSN, BLSA, BLPY, BLDU Downloaded from www. avhf. com
WEATHER PHENOMENA Precipitation u DZ u RA u SN u SG u IC Drizzle Rain Snow Grains Ice Crystals Downloaded from www. avhf. com
WEATHER PHENOMENA Precipitation u PE u GR u GS u UP Ice Pellets Hail (grele) (>1/4 IN) Small Hail (gresil) or Snow Pellets (<1/4 IN) Unknown Precipitation Downloaded from www. avhf. com
WEATHER PHENOMENA Obstructions to Visibility u BR u FG u FU u VA Mist (brume) (VIS 5/8 - 6) Fog (VIS <5/8) Smoke (fumee) Volcanic Ash Downloaded from www. avhf. com
WEATHER PHENOMENA Restrictions to Visibility u SA u HZ u PY u DU Sand Haze Spray Dust Downloaded from www. avhf. com
WEATHER PHENOMENA Other u SQ Squalls (Sudden increase at least 16 kts, at 22 kts or more lasting at least 1 min. ) u SS/+SS Sandstorm u DS/+DS Duststorm Downloaded from www. avhf. com
WEATHER PHENOMENA Other u PO u FC u +FC Dust / Sand Whirls Funnel Cloud Tornado or Waterspout Downloaded from www. avhf. com
WEATHER PHENOMENA Examples u MIFG Shallow Fog u BLSA Blowing Sand u VCTS Thunderstorm in the Vicinity u FZDZ Freezing Drizzle u -RASN Light Rain & Snow +FC +TSRASNGR BLSN Downloaded from www. avhf. com
METAR KMIA 231856 Z AUTO 08007 KT 10 SM CLR 32/21 A 2997 RMK AO 2 u SKY CONDITION – Automated report - CLR BLO 120 Downloaded from www. avhf. com
METAR KMIA 231856 Z AUTO 08007 KT 10 SM BKN 035 32/21 A 2997 RMK AO 2 u SKY CONDITION – Cloud bases in 3 digits, 001, 011, 110 – Sky cover in OKTAs (eighths) – No ceiling designator, first BKN or OVC layer aloft is the ceiling Downloaded from www. avhf. com
SKY CONDITION u SKC or CLR Clear u FEW 015 Few >0 - <2/8 u SCT 029 Scattered 3/8 - 4/8 u BKN 045 Broken 5/8 - 7/8 u OVC 110 Overcast 8/8 Downloaded from www. avhf. com
SKY CONDITION u BKN 060 TCU u OVC 090 CB u VV 004 Towering Cumulus Cumulonimbus Vertical Visibility – Indefinite ceiling 400 Downloaded from www. avhf. com
SKY CONDITION Partial Obscurations u FEW 000 >0 to 2/8 sky obscured – Few clouds less than five zero u SCT 000 3/8 to 4/8 sky obscured – Scattered clouds less than five zero u BKN 000 5/8 to 7/8 sky obscured – Broken clouds less than five zero Downloaded from www. avhf. com
SKY CONDITION Partial Obscurations u 4 SM BR BKN 000 (RMK BR BKN 000) – Visibility four, mist (fog), sky partially obscured five to seven eighths of the sky obscured by clouds u 1/2 SM SN FG BKN 000 BKN 007 – Visibility one-half, snow, fog, sky partially obscured five to seven eights of the sky obscured by clouds, ceiling seven hundred broken Downloaded from www. avhf. com
METAR KATL 231856 Z AUTO 16007 KT 10 SM CLR 12/M 04 A 2982 RMK AO 2 u TEMPERATURE / DEW POINT – in Celsius M for Minus – 3 Degree spread for saturation – If temperature missing, group is omitted – If dew point missing, only temp shown 32/ Downloaded from www. avhf. com
METAR KATL 231856 Z AUTO 16007 KT 10 SM CLR 12/M 04 A 2982 RMK AO 2 u ALTIMETER – A 2982 – Q 1013 SETTING Inches of Mercury hecto. Pascals (Millibars) Downloaded from www. avhf. com
METAR KMIA 231856 Z AUTO 29007 KT 10 SM CLR 32/21 A 2997 RMK AO 2 WSHFT 1834 $ u REMARKS Downloaded from www. avhf. com
REMARKS u VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS u TORNADIC ACTIVITY – TORNADO, FUNNEL CLOUD, WATERSPOUT u TYPE OF AUTOMATED STATION – AO 1, AO 2 u PEAK WIND – PK WND 20032/25 Downloaded from www. avhf. com
REMARKS u WIND SHIFT – WSHFT 15 u TOWER OR SURFACE VISIBILITY – TWR VIS 2 – SFC VIS 2 1/2 u VARIABLE PREVAILING VISIBILITY – VIS 3/4 V 1 1/2 u SECTOR VISIBILITY – VIS N 2 Downloaded from www. avhf. com
REMARKS u VISIBILITY AT 2 ND SITE – VIS 3/4 RY 11 u LIGHTNING – FRQ LTGCC NE, CONS LTGCG SW Downloaded from www. avhf. com
u DSNT REMARKS – Distant, 10 to 30 miles from station u OCNL – Occasional u FRQ – Frequent u CONS – Continuous u OHD – Overhead Downloaded from www. avhf. com
REMARKS u BEGINNING AND ENDING – TSB 20 E 44, RAE 50, SNB 1254 E 41 u THUNDERSTORM LOCATION – TS OHD MOV N, TS DSNT S MOV N u HAILSTONE SIZE – GR 1 3/4 u VIRGA – VIRGA SW Downloaded from www. avhf. com
REMARKS u VARIABLE CEILING HEIGHT – CIG 013 V 017 u OBSCURATIONS – FG FEW 000, VA SCT 000, FU BKN 020 u VARIABLE SKY CONDITION – SCT V BKN, BKN 025 V OVC u SIGNIFICANT CLOUDS – CB W MOV E, TCU OHD, ACSL W Downloaded from www. avhf. com
REMARKS u CEILING AT 2 ND SITE – CIG 020 RY 11 u PRESSURE RISING/FALLING RAPIDLY – PRESRR, PRESFR u SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE – SLP 145, SLPNO Downloaded from www. avhf. com
REMARKS u AIRCRAFT MISHAP – (ACFT MSHP) u NO SPECIAL AVAILABLE – NOSPECI u SNOW INCREASING RAPIDLY – SNICR 3/17 Downloaded from www. avhf. com
REMARKS Examples TS NE MOV E DARK NW BR SCT 000 FU BKN 020 Downloaded from www. avhf. com
REMARKS Examples TORNADO SCT V BKN 014 V OVC LAST Downloaded from www. avhf. com
Example METAR KATL 221451 Z 00000 KT 25 SM OVC 030 05/03 A 3018 RMK SLP 145 Downloaded from www. avhf. com
Example METAR KATL 221456 Z AUTO 33009 KT 5 SM -RA BR BKN 012 OVC 023 08/07 A 3009 RMK AO 2 Downloaded from www. avhf. com
Example METAR KBOS 221456 Z AUTO 08024 KT 3/8 SM +SN FG BLSN VV 003 M 10/ A 3011 RMK AO 2 Downloaded from www. avhf. com
Example METAR KORD 221352 Z VRB 04 KT 1 SM R 3/5200 FT FZFG BKN 000 BKN 009 M 05/M 05 A 3018 RMK AO 2 FZFG BKN 000 VIS 3/4 V 1 1/4 Downloaded from www. avhf. com
Some More Examples METAR VHHH 241500 Z 00000 KT 4000 DZ SCT 005 15/15 Q 1027 METAR NZAA 241500 Z 14005 KT 25 KM SCT 034 11/08 Q 1017. 5 METAR VVTS 241500 Z 16003 MPS 8000 -SHRA SCT 015 SCT 017 29/25 Q 1008 Downloaded from www. avhf. com
Special Aerodrome Report Downloaded from www. avhf. com
SPECI KTYS 221236 Z 32009 KT 5 SM RA BR SCT 015 OVC 027 20/18 A 2979 RMK AO 2 MTNS OBSCD ALQDS u. SPECIAL OBSERVATIONS – between H+00 and H+50 – Aircraft Mishap (not transmitted) – Significant Weather Change Downloaded from www. avhf. com
A Few More Examples SPECI KBNA 221536 Z AUTO 01013 KT 10 SM -RA BKN 014 OVC 025 06/03 A 3004 RMK AO 2 SLP 164 SPECI KMEM 221513 Z AUTO 00000 KT 10 SM BKN 018 BKN 024 OVC 033 10/06 A 3013 RMK AO 2 CIG 017 V 019 SPECI KMCN 221609 Z AUTO 02005 KT 7 SM -RA OVC 016 08/07 A 3009 RMK AO 2 Downloaded from www. avhf. com
Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) Downloaded from www. avhf. com
TAF u The expected meteorological conditions significant to aviation at an airport during the specified time. u Airport defined as the area within a 5 sm radius of the center of the airport layout plan (ALP). Downloaded from www. avhf. com
ORDER OF ENTRY TAF LOCID / ISSUE TIME / VALID TIME / WIND / VSBY / SIG WX / SKY COND / WS FT LOCI / VALID TIME / FROPA / SKY COND / VSBY / WX + OBVIS / WIND / RMKS Downloaded from www. avhf. com
TAF KATL 091720 Z 091818 22020 KT 3 SM -SHRA BKN 020 TCU BECMG 2023 30015 G 25 KT 3 SM SHRA OVC 015 PROB 40 2022 1/2 SM TSRA OVC 008 CB FM 2300 27008 KT 5 SM -SHRA BKN 020 OVC 040 TEMPO 0407 00000 KT 1 SM SHRA FM 1000 22010 KT 5 SM -SHRA OVC 020 BECMG 1315 P 6 SM NSW SKC= Downloaded from www. avhf. com
TAF u 091720 Z DATE/TIME GROUP – When forecast was produced u 091818 VALID DATE/TIME – 24 -hour forecast at 00 Z, 06 Z, 12 Z, 18 Z – All forecast elements, no PROB 40/PROB 30 in first 6 hours u FM 2000 TIME DIVIDER – From 2000 Z, a rapid change, <1 hr – All forecast elements Downloaded from www. avhf. com
TAF u BECMG 1315 CHG INDICATOR – Becoming between 1300 and 1500 Z – Gradual change - 2 hours u TEMPO 0407 CHG INDICATOR – Temporarily between 0400 and 0700 Z – Occurs only within time group – Each occurence less than 1 hour – Sum of occurences less than 1/2 time Downloaded from www. avhf. com
TAF u PROB 30 2024/PROB 40 2123 – Probability of 30 -39% between 2000 and 2400 Z of precip or TS/Probability of 4049% between 2100 and 2300 Z u P 6 SM – Visibility Plus 6 SM, 9999 in Meters u NSW – No Significant Weather Downloaded from www. avhf. com
TAF u TAF KSRQ NIL UNTIL 14 Z u – No forecast until a given time TAF KGNV NIL AMD AFT 04 Z – No amendments after a given time Downloaded from www. avhf. com
TAF u FORECAST CONDITIONS – Wind – Visibility – Weather – Sky Condition – Optional Data Downloaded from www. avhf. com
TAF u WIND – 00000 KT – VRB 04 – VRB 25 G 45 KT 3 KT or less Too light to forecast Forecast TS Downloaded from www. avhf. com
TAF u VISIBILITY – P 6 SM No obstructions to visibility except VA u WEATHER – VCFG Vis <3 sm – VCSH No qualifiers Downloaded from www. avhf. com
TAF u WEATHER – NSW not used in predominate groups (1 st period and FR) – NSW no precip or obstruction to visibility – NSW does not exclude wx advisories or cloud layers Downloaded from www. avhf. com
TAF u SKY CONDITIONS – CB Only cloud type in TAF u OPTIONAL WS 010/18040 KT – Low Level Wind Shear - Surface to 2000 feet AGL – Non-convective – WS 010 Wind shear bases at 1000 feet Downloaded from www. avhf. com
Example TAF KATL 091720 Z 091818 08014 KT 5 SM BR OVC 008 TEMPO 1819 2 SM TSRA OVC 005 CB BECMG 1920 OVC 010 TEMPO 1922 2 SM -SHRA BR OVC 006 BECMG 2123 08019 KT P 6 SM NSW FM 0300 06005 KT 3 SM BR BKN 000 OVC 008 TEMPO 0307 1 SM BR VV 006 BECMG 0607 03015 KT 5 SM BR OVC 015= Downloaded from www. avhf. com
Another Example TAF AMD KSDF 091819 Z 091918 17009 KT P 6 SM SCT 100 TEMPO 0005 OVC 040 CB PROB 40 0005 3 SM TSRA BR FM 0400 18010 KT P 6 SM SCT 015 OVC 040 TEMPO 0510 3 SM TSRA BR OVC 015 CB FM 0900 15011 KT 3 SM -SHRA BR SCT 008 OVC 012 TEMPO 1017 2 SM TSRA BR OVC 008 CB= Downloaded from www. avhf. com
Just Another Example TAF KMSY 101120 Z 101212 18012 KT 5 SM SHRA SCT 007 CB BKN 025 TEMPO 1822 18017 G 35 KT 1 SM +TSRA BR BKN 007 CB FM 2100 17012 KT P 6 SM SCT 015 BKN 030 TEMPO 2223 2 SM TSRA FM 2300 18007 KT OVC 025 PROB 40 0007 4 SM -TSRA FM 0600 19006 KT 5 SM BR BKN 015 PROB 040 0710 -TSRA BECMG 0910 00000 KT 3 SM BR= Downloaded from www. avhf. com
Still Another Example TAF KMEM 150523 Z 150606 18012 KT 5 SM SHRA SCT 007 BKN 025 TEMPO 1115 18017 G 35 KT 1 SM +TSRA BR BKN 007 CB FM 1500 17012 KT P 6 SM SCT 015 BKN 030 TEMPO 1923 2 SM TSRA FM 2300 18007 KT OVC 025 PROB 30 0004 4 SM -TSRA FM 0400 19006 KT 5 SM BR BKN 015 NIL AMD AFT 03 Z Downloaded from www. avhf. com
Any Questions? OK, then I have a few! Downloaded from www. avhf. com
RESPONSE ITEM An aviation routine weather report is called a _________. a. METAR b. TAF c. SPECI Downloaded from www. avhf. com
RESPONSE ITEM An aviation routine weather report is called a _________. a. METAR b. TAF c. SPECI Downloaded from www. avhf. com
RESPONSE ITEM METAR KTYS 1452 00000 KT 10 SM SCT 015 BKN 032 OVC 040 06/03 A 3003 RMK MTNS OBSCD The ceiling at TYS is ____ ft. A. 1500 B. 3200 C. 4000 Downloaded from www. avhf. com
RESPONSE ITEM METAR KTYS 1452 00000 KT 10 SM SCT 015 BKN 032 OVC 040 06/03 A 3003 RMK MTNS OBSCD The ceiling at TYS is ____ ft. A. 1500 B. 3200 C. 4000 Downloaded from www. avhf. com
RESPONSE ITEM METAR KDEN 1849 Z 32018 G 22 10 SM BKN 020 09/05 A 2956 RMK AO 2 BKN V SCT The temperature at Denver is about ____ degrees F. A. 41 B. 48 C. 57 Downloaded from www. avhf. com
RESPONSE ITEM METAR KDEN 1849 Z 32018 G 22 10 SM BKN 020 09/05 A 2956 RMK AO 2 BKN V SCT The temperature at Denver is about _____ degrees F. A. 41 B. 48 C. 57 Downloaded from www. avhf. com
RESPONSE ITEM SPECI KMCN 2034 Z 13009 KT 5 SM -RA BR SCT 009 BKN 015 OVC 070 A 2972 RMK RB 15 What type of report is this? A. Aviation routine weather report. B. Aerodrome forecast. C. Special aviation weather report. Downloaded from www. avhf. com
RESPONSE ITEM SPECI KMCN 2034 Z 13009 KT 5 SM -RA BR SCT 009 BKN 015 OVC 070 A 2972 RMK RB 15 What type of report is this? A. Aviation routine weather report. B. Aerodrome forecast. C. Special aviation weather report. Downloaded from www. avhf. com
RESPONSE ITEM SPECI KMCN 2034 Z 13009 KT 5 SM -RA BR SCT 009 BKN 015 OVC 070 A 2972 RMK RB 15 The restriction to visibility at MACON is _______. A. mist B. brief rain C. light rain Downloaded from www. avhf. com
RESPONSE ITEM SPECI KMCN 2034 Z 13009 KT 5 SM -RA BR SCT 009 BKN 015 OVC 070 A 2972 RMK RB 15 The restriction to visibility at MACON is _______. A. mist B. brief rain C. light rain Downloaded from www. avhf. com
RESPONSE ITEM The contraction for “smog” is _____. A. B. C. FK FG SK FG FU Downloaded from www. avhf. com
RESPONSE ITEM The contraction for “smog” is _____. A. B. C. FK FG SK FG FU Downloaded from www. avhf. com
QUESTION SPECI KGPT 1212 Z 22012 G 20 1/4 SM +TSRAGR OVC 003 CB A 2969 RMK TS OVHD MOV NE What weather phenomena is occurring? Downloaded from www. avhf. com
ANSWER SPECI KGPT 1212 Z 22012 G 20 1/4 SM +TSRAGR OVC 003 CB A 2969 RMK TS OVHD MOV NE What weather phenomena is occurring? Thunderstorm, heavy rain, hail. Downloaded from www. avhf. com
RESPONSE ITEM The contraction for Ice Pellets is _______. A. B. C. PE IC PO Downloaded from www. avhf. com
RESPONSE ITEM The contraction for Ice Pellets is _______. 1. 2. 3. PE IC PO Downloaded from www. avhf. com
QUESTION TAF KATL 241115 Z 1212 14007 KT 1 SM BR SCT 030 FM 1815 150015 KT 5/8 SM BR TEMPO 1922 1/4 SM FG BKN 002 What is forecast at Atlanta after 2300 Z? Downloaded from www. avhf. com
ANSWER TAF KATL 241115 Z 241212 14007 KT 1 SM BR SCT 030 FM 1815 150015 KT 5/8 SM BR TEMPO 1922 1/4 SM FG BKN 002 Wind 150 at 15, visibility 5/8 fog, occasionally between 1900 and 2200 1/4 fog, ceiling 200 BKN. Downloaded from www. avhf. com
QUESTION TAF KGNV 221723 Z 221818 11008 KT P 6 SM SCT 023 SCT 300 FM 2200 12006 KT 4 SM BR BKN 023 OVC 100 TEMPO 0312 15008 G 18 KT P 6 SM SCT 022 BKN 100 What is forecast at Gainsville between 18 -20 Z? Downloaded from www. avhf. com
ANSWER TAF KGNV 221723 Z 221818 11008 KT P 6 SM SCT 023 SCT 300 FM 2200 12006 KT 4 SM BR BKN 023 OVC 100 TEMPO 0312 15008 G 18 KT P 6 SM SCT 022 BKN 100 Wind 110 at 8, visibility greater than 6, 2300 SCT 30000 sct. Downloaded from www. avhf. com
QUESTION 1/2 SM FC -TSRAGR BLDU What in the world is that? Downloaded from www. avhf. com
ANSWER 1/2 SM FC -TSRAGR BLDU u Visibility 1/2 u Funnel Cloud u Thunderstorm u Light Rain u Hail u Blowing Dust Downloaded from www. avhf. com
Summary u METAR – Aviation Routine Weather report u SPECI – Special Aviation Weather report u TAF – Aerodrome Forecast u TAF AMD – Amended Aerodrome Forecast Downloaded from www. avhf. com
ICAO Weather u OBJECTIVE – Interpret and disseminate ICAO weather products. u MOTIVATION – US will comply with ICAO procedures by July 1, 1996. Downloaded from www. avhf. com
One more Response Item Oh, no! Downloaded from www. avhf. com
RESPONSE ITEM The first slide in this presentation showed __________. 1. a star 2. an airplane 3. SOUTHERN REGION 4. all of the above Downloaded from www. avhf. com
FAA SOUTHERN REGION Downloaded from www. avhf. com
Thank you very much ! Your comments are welcome. Downloaded from www. avhf. com
The End Downloaded from www. avhf. com
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