South West Indian Ocean Fishery Project SWIOFP Component

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South West Indian Ocean Fishery Project (SWIOFP) Component 5 Mainstreaming biodiversity Maurice 4 –

South West Indian Ocean Fishery Project (SWIOFP) Component 5 Mainstreaming biodiversity Maurice 4 – 7 August 2009 French Activity proposed to the 8 others countries of the SWIOFP Movement of sea turtle between nesting sites and feeding grounds in the South West Indian Ocean: regional migratory knowledge and interaction with open sea fisheries for management issues Jérôme BOURJEA IFREMER LA REUNION FRANCE

South West Indian Ocean Fishery Project SWIOFP - Update - Funded by GEF-World Bank

South West Indian Ocean Fishery Project SWIOFP - Update - Funded by GEF-World Bank & FFEM (France) - Negotiation to implement this project started in 2000 - Composed of 6 components: 1 : Data Gap Analysis, Data Archiving and Information Technology. 2: Assessment and sustainable utilization of crustaceans 3: Assessment and sustainable utilization of demersal fishes 4: Assessment and sustainable utilization of pelagic fish 5: Mainstreaming biodiversity in national and regional fisheries management 6: Strengthening regional and national fisheries management. - Members : South Africa, Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya, Comoros Seychelles, Madagascar, Mauritius and La Réunion (France) - SWIOFP officially started in July 2008 SWIOFP C 5 Mauritius 4 – 7 August 2009

The component 5: mainstreaming biodiversity Regional coordinator of the component 5 : Mauritius French

The component 5: mainstreaming biodiversity Regional coordinator of the component 5 : Mauritius French activity of the component 5 related to Sea Turtle interactions with open sea fisheries and Regional management Movement of sea turtle between nesting sites and feeding grounds in the South West Indian Ocean: regional migratory knowledge and interaction with open sea fisheries for management issues SWIOFP C 5 Mauritius 4 – 7 August 2009

State of the art of sea turtles status in the SWIO Leatherback Status :

State of the art of sea turtles status in the SWIO Leatherback Status : Critically endangered Nesting site: South Africa Feeding ground: Open sea Loggerhead Status : Endangered Nesting site: South Africa Feeding ground: Open sea Olive Ridley Status : Vulnerable Nesting site : North IO Feeding ground: Open sea Hawksbill Status : Critically endangered Nesting site: Equatorial SWIO Feeding ground: costal SWIO Green Status : Endangered Nesting site: all SWIO Feeding ground: costal SWIOFP C 5 Mauritius 4 – 7 August 2009

State of the art of sea turtles status in the SWIO Ex: Green turtle

State of the art of sea turtles status in the SWIO Ex: Green turtle nesting sites > 10 000 < 50 Female per year SWIOFP C 5 Mauritius 4 – 7 August 2009

State of the art of sea turtles status in the SWIO Ex: Green turtle

State of the art of sea turtles status in the SWIO Ex: Green turtle feeding grounds SWIOFP C 5 Mauritius 4 – 7 August 2009

State of the art of sea turtles status in the SWIO Ex: Green turtle

State of the art of sea turtles status in the SWIO Ex: Green turtle migration pattern between nesting sites and sea grass beds Glorieuses SWIOFP C 5 Mauritius 4 – 7 August 2009

State of the art of sea turtles status in the SWIO Ex: Green turtle

State of the art of sea turtles status in the SWIO Ex: Green turtle genetic structure in the SWIO 2 distincts stocks (or more? ) SWIOFP C 5 Mauritius 4 – 7 August 2009

Data available on open sea fishery activities in the SWIO Longliners – IOTC data

Data available on open sea fishery activities in the SWIO Longliners – IOTC data Ex: Catches of swordfish by fleet Ex: October – November – December 5° Square effort (1000 hooks) for the Spanish, Taiwanese and Japanese longline fleet SWIOFP C 5 Mauritius 4 – 7 August 2009

Data available Open sea fisheries activity in the SWIO French Longliners – IFREMER data

Data available Open sea fisheries activity in the SWIO French Longliners – IFREMER data Ex: 2007 5° Square effort (nb hooks) for the La Réunion longline fleet SWIOFP C 5 Mauritius 4 – 7 August 2009

Open sea fisheries activity in the SWIO Oceanic Purse Seine – IOTC/IRD data Ex

Open sea fisheries activity in the SWIO Oceanic Purse Seine – IOTC/IRD data Ex up: 2007 1°effort (nb sets) for the french purse seine fleet SWIOFP C 5 Mauritius 4 – 7 August 2009 Ex up: 2002 -2006 1°effort (nb sets) for the french purse seine fleet

Open sea fisheries interaction with sea turtles in the SWIO IOTC/IRD/IFREMER data Ex: Purse

Open sea fisheries interaction with sea turtles in the SWIO IOTC/IRD/IFREMER data Ex: Purse seine by catch of sea turtle by species Ex: French longline sea turtle by catches by species SWIOFP C 5 Mauritius 4 – 7 August 2009

Environment data available for the SWIO Ex: SST January May September February March June

Environment data available for the SWIO Ex: SST January May September February March June July October November April August December Ex: Monthly evolution of the Sea Surface temperature (SST) in the South West Indian Ocean for 2008 SWIOFP C 5 Mauritius 4 – 7 August 2009

SWIOFP Activity related to Sea Turtle interactions with open sea fisheries and Regional management

SWIOFP Activity related to Sea Turtle interactions with open sea fisheries and Regional management Scientific aims of the project: 1/ Identification of sea turtle ‘Hotspots’ in the south west Indian Ocean and assessment of the main populations based on existing data 2/ Regional migration routes of the sea turtles 3/ Understanding migration behaviour of the sea turtles according to Environmental conditions (currents, SST…) and available genetic data (haplotypes frequencies and structure) 4/ Building a migratory map for those population in the WIO SWIOFP C 5 Mauritius 4 – 7 August 2009

SWIOFP Activity related to Sea Turtle interactions with open sea fisheries and Regional management

SWIOFP Activity related to Sea Turtle interactions with open sea fisheries and Regional management Application aims: -To set up a classification of risk’s areas for the species, according to the interaction with the open sea fishing activities (longline and pure seine) -To propose local and regional mitigate measures of management for the sea turtles, according to population abundance and migratory behaviour, which can be compatible with the local lasting development, as the eco-tourism - To contribute to the Marine Turtle Task Force (MTTF) in the creation of a reliable research and application network dedicated to sea turtles, SWIOFP C 5 Mauritius 4 – 7 August 2009

Mains gaps of the project 1/ Lack in a reliable assessment of the currents

Mains gaps of the project 1/ Lack in a reliable assessment of the currents status of sea turtle in some countries of the SWIO (Nesting sites abundance, feeding grounds…) 2/ Lack of knowledge origine of the turtle nesting in the other countries of the SWIO 3/ Few by-catch assessment available for some area This project is an opportunity to fill in some of these gaps gathering all countries in a same regional project SWIOFP C 5 Mauritius 4 – 7 August 2009

HOW TO DO THAT PROJECT? WPEB – IOTC Bangkok, 20 -22 October 2008

HOW TO DO THAT PROJECT? WPEB – IOTC Bangkok, 20 -22 October 2008

HOW TO DO THAT PROJECT? 1/ Based on the sea turtle biology, ecology and

HOW TO DO THAT PROJECT? 1/ Based on the sea turtle biology, ecology and population assessment in all the SWOI = compilation of data available 2/ Based on Satellite tags deployed in nesting sites (Female) and at sea (immature/adult by-catch) 3/ Effort, catches and CPUE data of open sea fisheries (IOTC database on pure seine and longline 5°x 5°) 4/ environmental and oceanic data (CLS, NOAA: SST, Currents, altimetry, chlorophyll) 5/ local knowledge on by-catch rate in open sea fisheries SWIOFP C 5 Mauritius 4 – 7 August 2009

HOW TO DO THAT PROJECT? Maximum of satellite tracks + Biological/abundance/repartition data/ species +

HOW TO DO THAT PROJECT? Maximum of satellite tracks + Biological/abundance/repartition data/ species + Oceanographic data + Open sea fishing Data + Known data on by catch in the area Probabilistic model (in development by australia) Risk map of interaction of open sea fisheries and sea turtles in the SWIO / Mozambique Channel Application of the model in other areas WPEB – IOTC Bangkok, 20 -22 October 2008

WHERE? POST NESTING France SWIOFP WPEB – IOTC Bangkok, 20 -22 October 2008

WHERE? POST NESTING France SWIOFP WPEB – IOTC Bangkok, 20 -22 October 2008

WHERE? 12 Post Nesting of green From Glorieuses, June 2008 WPEB – IOTC Bangkok,

WHERE? 12 Post Nesting of green From Glorieuses, June 2008 WPEB – IOTC Bangkok, 20 -22 October 2008

WHERE? POST NESTING France SWIOFP OPEN SEA STAGES Longline release Purse seine release? WPEB

WHERE? POST NESTING France SWIOFP OPEN SEA STAGES Longline release Purse seine release? WPEB – IOTC Bangkok, 20 -22 October 2008

WHERE? Release of a loggerhead By caught by a longliner, October 2008 WPEB –

WHERE? Release of a loggerhead By caught by a longliner, October 2008 WPEB – IOTC Bangkok, 20 -22 October 2008

Time Schedule July 2008 : Start of SWIOFP/ Turtle project French project SWIOFP Preparation

Time Schedule July 2008 : Start of SWIOFP/ Turtle project French project SWIOFP Preparation of field trip Target species identification Gap analysis Maturity stage Sites and number of PTT Aug 2009 : Collecting past tracks SWIOFP workshop component 5 Oct 2009 TRAINING Field time July 2011 Data Analysis July 2012 SWIOFP C 5 Mauritius 4 – 7 August 2009 Field time Fixing PTT Tracking Collecting others data Data analysis Testing the model Adapting the model Validating the model

THANK YOU SWIOFP C 5 Mauritius 4 – 7 August 2009

THANK YOU SWIOFP C 5 Mauritius 4 – 7 August 2009

ANNEXE: SPATIAL MODEL OF INTERACTION • Calculates the spatial distribution of turtle open sea

ANNEXE: SPATIAL MODEL OF INTERACTION • Calculates the spatial distribution of turtle open sea effort and open sea fishing effort • Overlap index creates a risk to capture in every 5° grid box • Combination of overlap index with data on actual bycatch rates can be used to create an entire SWIO bycatch map. • Based on spatial distribution of sea turtle open sea effort, the incidental mortalities can be attributed to individual populations and these data incorporated into a population viability analysis (PVA) if desired. This will determine the most at risk populations based on current levels of fishing and mortality • tells us where best to direct mitigation strategies WPEB – IOTC Bangkok, 20 -22 October 2008