SOUTH SUDAN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS UNION SSAPU DRAFT REPORT

SOUTH SUDAN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS’ UNION SSAPU DRAFT REPORT STUDY ON MAIZE VALUE CHAIN MICHAEL ROBERTO KENYI LEGGE ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, SNRES, UNIVERSITY OF JUBA SSAPU CONSULTANT 04 SEPTEMBER , 2020 1/13/2022 SSAPU-JUBA 1

CONTEXT/RATIONALE: MAIZE VALUE CHAIN IN MAGWI, MARIDI AND YAMBIO COUNTIES q. The farmers’ organizations in the rural communities of Magwi, Mardi and Yambio counties are faced by numerous constraints of maize production, which ultimately affect their maize production outputs in terms of quantity and quality due to: q. High post-harvest losses(PHLs) q Poor road network q Lack of trust q Low price for products q. Absence of agricultural land policy 1/13/2022 2

CONTEXT/RATIONALE: MAIZE VALUE CHAIN q Shortage of tractor/ high cost of labour q High cost of inputs q Lack of credit q Lack of extension services q High cost of transport q Inadequate market information q. Lack of storage facilities q Inadequate land clearance 1/13/2022 3

STUDY AIM/METHODOLOGY q. To identify the constraints and opportunities for maize value chain q. To identify actors in maize value chain q. To analyse micro, meso and macro causes and critical loss points occurring during post-harvest loss of maize q To develop recommendations and strategies for Post-Harvest Loss reduction of maize value chain 1/13/2022 4

CRITICAL LOSS POINTS (CLPS) OF PHL IN MAIZE Production Inputs supply (Types, quantities, quality, timelin ess of delivery) (Land preparation, planting, w eeding, pesta nd diseasecontrol, harvest ing) Processing (Dehusking, dryi ng, packaging) Marketing (Transportation , storage, sales) Consumption Food, feed, income Figure 1: Maize Value Chain q. Drying q. Storage at farm and homesteads q. Transportation 1/13/2022 5

RESULTS q. Maize is very sensitive and indicative levels of losses observed at drying and storage q. Weak learning and sharing for improvement of maize value chain q. Lack of financial service providers q. Inadequate business environment q. Weak institutional capacities and 1/13/2022 6

Table: 1. Showing Harvested Area (Feddan), Yield(Kg/Area) and Production(Mt) Level of Maize of Agricultural Cooperative Societies in Magwi, Maridi and Yambio Counties from 2015 -2019 County/ Cooperative Society 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Total Value (SSP) Harveste d area Yield Area Yield Harvested Yield Area Harvested Area Production (MT) Ti En Kwo 3 600 2 1200 1 600 5 600 13 7. 8 234, 000 Cwiny Matek DNA DNA DNA 20 400 DNA 20 8 240, 000 Alorokodi DNA DNA DNA 20 600 30 DNA 20 12 840, 000 Baguya 21 850 25 850 22 700 24 900 14 850 106 86. 6 7, 794, 000 Nadagori 8 850 21 850 16 850 12 850 65 55. 3 3, 646, 500 Okoliza 8 750 10 750 1 450 1 550 21 15. 8 1, 422, 000 Gabat DNA 20 400 12 600 20 800 31 900 83 59. 1 3, 900, 600 Ngindo 25 850 35 900 21 700 22 800 32 850 135 112. 3 7, 411, 800 Nabgogbo DNA DNA 38 800 68 750 32 200 138 85. 7 2, 056, 800 Magwi County Maridi County Yambio County Source: Consultant calculation, 2020. DNA: Data Not Available 1/13/2022 7

Relative Ranking of the constraints of maize value chain by cooperative farmers in the three counties Constraint Drying Rank Reason /Importance s 1 Maize crop destroyed due to lack of drying equipment and materials Storage 2 Maize crop destroyed due to lack of good storage facilities, while waiting transport hence sold at distress Transportatio 3 n This determines the marketing of maize produce. Transport is expensive and sometimes not available on time Business skills 4 Cooperative farmers do not know how to do farm costing. Therefore , they sell at distress due to lack of business skills. Roads Capital 5 6 Maize meant to be sold green can not reach the markets in time Cooperative farmers fail to take their maize produce to far markets , because they can not afford transport costs. Taxation 7 Cooperative farmers are discourage , because of unnecessary taxation and intimidation. Security 1/13/2022 8 Farmers fear the unpredictable security situation 8

Relative Ranking of the constraints of maize value chain by government and experts in the three counties Constraints Ranks Reasons/Importance Limited awareness on concept of maize value chain 1 Farmers ignore some stages Absence of pro-smallholder famers’ business environment 2 Government has limited capacity Lack of guarantee financing and investment in Post-Harvest loss reduction 3 activities Capital is one of the factors of production Limited advocacy on quality control of maize value chain 4 Farmers produce inadequate maize in terms of quality Limited capacity of cooperative societies in leadership, management and Good Agricultural Practices along maize value chain 5 Developmet of skills and acquisition of knowledge and transformation of attitude required 1/13/2022 9

Relative Ranking of the constraints of maize value chain by government and experts in the three counties Constraints Rank s Reasons/Importance Lack of research and knowledge dissemination on maize value chain 6 Maize research and maize breeding for seed production High ratio of field facilitator to famerers-1: 2, 000 7 Agricultural advisory and extension services for improved productivity Lack of support to out-growers of maize seed cooperative farmers 8 Timely delivery and adequacy of maize seeds Absence of agricultural land policy 9 Gazetting agricultural land would ensure ownership and attract FDI Imposition of taxation on imported agricultural inputs 10 Taxes demotivate commercial farming Lack of implementation of Malabo-CAADP allocation of at least 10 % of national public budget to agricultural development 11 Increase agricultural annual growth by 6 % Absence of post-harvest loss management strategy 12 Design of PHL management strategy would reduce post harvest losses 1/13/2022 10

AU MALABO COMMITMENT TO REDUCE POST HARVEST LOSS BY HALF BY 2025 SOUTH SUDAN PROJECTIONS PHL REDUCTION PERCENT 2015 -2025 FOR MAIZE Year 2015 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Maize 44 44 42 37 34 30 26 22 However, the study has revealed that the post-harvest loss occurring along maize chain from production, processing, marketing and consumption has been estimated between 53 -80 % in the study area(Magwi, Maridi and Yambio counties). 1/13/2022 11

RECOMMENDATIONS q. Creating awareness on importance of maize value chain through virtual meetings, talkshows and outreach while observing the Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) restrictions such as social distancing, wearing face masks, washing of hands and use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) q. Demonstrating benefits and promoting technologies for smallholder farmers’ competitiveness on maize value chain through provision of pro-smallholder farmers’ business environment by the government q. Guarantee financing and investment in post-harvest loss reduction activities of maize to farmers’ organizations 1/13/2022 12

RECOMMENDATIONS……CONT’D q. Conducting advocacy at national level for quality control of all post-harvest management activities of maize value chain q Support strengthening of institutional capacities of selected framers’ organizations through capacity building and training on leadership, management and Good Agricultural Practices along maize value chain q. Support generation and dissemination of knowledge on maize value chain 1/13/2022 13

RECOMMENDATIONS………CONT’D Extension service is required continuously, right now the ratio of farmers per field facilitator is 1: 2, 000 q q. Seed multiplication is to be introduced and the cooperators can act as out growers q Lobby for development of Agricultural land policy q. Lobby for Tax exemption for Agricultural Inputs q Continuous lobby for 10% from the national budget for Agricultural support. q Advocacy for development of post-harvest loss management strategy 1/13/2022 14

THANK YOU FOR YOUR LISTENING 1/13/2022 15