SOUTH EASTERN KENYA UNIVERSITY Climate Change Mitigation and

SOUTH EASTERN KENYA UNIVERSITY Climate Change Mitigation and adaptation: Opportunities and Challenges for County Governments and Research Institutions By Dr. Muusya Mwinzi, Ph. D; EBS 08/03/2021 SEKU University – Senate Boardroom 1

INTRODUCTION Establishment of Devolved Governments (a) The Constitution of Kenya, 2010 Chapter 11 – Devolved Governments Part 1 – Objects and Principles of Devolved Governments (Articles 174 & 175) Part 11 Definition of County Governments (Articles 176 - 185) 08/03/2021 SEKU 2

Introduction (Continuation) Part 111 – Functions and Powers of County Governments (Articles 186 & 187) Part 1 V – Boundaries of County Governments (Article 188) Part V – Relationships between National Government and County Governments (Articles 189 – 191) Part VI – Suspension of County Governments (Article 192) 08/03/2021 SEKU 3

Devolved Functions Fourth Schedule – Distribution of Functions between National Government and County Governments; Part 1: Functions of National Functions (35) Part 2: Functions of County Governments (14) 08/03/2021 SEKU 4

(b) County Governments Act, 2012 An Act of Parliament to give effect to Chapter 11 of the Constitution; to provide for county governments’ powers, functions and responsibilities to deliver services and for connected purposes Section 5 (2) (a) – County legislation (in accordance with Article 183 - 186 of the Constitution) – Policies, laws, regulations & guidelines 08/03/2021 SEKU 5

Climate Change: Basic Terms Occurs when changes in global or regional climate system result in new weather patterns that remain in place for an extended period of time Has been observed particularly from mid 20 th Century to the present Mainly attributed to increased levels of GHGs, especially carbon dioxide Mostly from anthropogenic activities especially use of fossil fuels 08/03/2021 6

Climate Change Mitigation Reduction in human emission of GHGs: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, water vapour, ozone & CFCs Mitigation measures ◦ Phasing out fossil fuels by switching to low carbon energy sources (renewable energy) - solar, wind, biogas, biodiesel ◦ Reducing energy demand by increasing energy efficiency ◦ Removing carbon dioxide from Earth’s atmosphere – carbon sequestration / carbon sinks (forests, oceans/seas, soil) 7

Climate Change Mitigation Climate change engineering – application of technologies – carbon dioxide removal & solar radiation management 08/03/2021 8

Climate Change Adaptation Definition: Process of adjustment to actual expected climate change & its effects ◦ Moderate the harm ◦ Exploit beneficial opportunities ◦ Build resilience of communities 08/03/2021 9

Climate Change Act, 2016 Section 19 – County Governments are required to integrate & mainstream climate change actions, interventions & duties in their policies, programmes and plans (CIDP, sectoral plans) Section 25 – Establishment of National Climate Change Fund County Governments – expected to establish County Climate Change Fund 08/03/2021 10

County challenges ◦ Many sectoral demands ◦ Inadequate: Financial resources skilled human resource technical capacity Weak governance 08/03/2021 11

Opportunities Supportive legal framework, e. g. Climate Change Act, 2016 Building partnerships ◦ Resource mobilization – funds, technology/equipment ◦ Strengthening governance – administration, policies, regulations civic education, public participation ◦ Capacity building - technical, human Public Benefit Organizations; SEKU 08/03/2021 12

CGo. K & ADA Consortium Partnership – St. ARCK Project 1. Adaptation (ADA) Consortium & Christian Aid (CA) – project development & management 2. Department for International Development (DFID) – financial support 3. ADSE (Anglican) – project implementation 4. National Gov’t institutions – (NEMA, NDMA, KEFRI, KFS) – technical backstopping 5. CGo. K – Communities - beneficiaries 08/03/2021 13

CLIMATE CHANGE COMPONENTS Climate Information System (CIS) This brings together experts in climate change issues for documentation and dissemination of climate information Adaptation Activities (CAA) This works with ward and county committees to build resilience and to combat climate change impacts

Activities under CIS • A total of 935 intermediaries were trained on how to receive, interpret and share climate information disseminated through SMS • CIS plan in place • Dissemination of climate information continues through leaflets, radio, SMS and agro - advisories • County Government of Kitui is first county in Kenya to establish a Climate Information Syste

Project outputs Kitui County Climate Change Fund Regulations Kitui County Climate Information Service Plan Water resources adaptation projects (see below) ◦ 7 earth dams, 2 sand dams, 1 rock catchment, 1 water distribution system ◦ Benefited about 300, 000 people in 10 wards 08/03/2021 16

Community Projects Implemented For CC Adaptation through Resilience Building Cost (Kshs) Ward 1 Mikuyuni Earth Dam 7, 839, 760. 00 Kauwi 2 Kamuyuni Rock Catchment 3, 616, 607. 65 Migwani 3 Iiani Kwa Ndungu Pipeline Distribution 14, 891, 241. 65 Kiomo / Kyethani 4 Mutethya Nzaini Earth Dam 4, 035, 060. 00 Ngomeni 5 Makithuri Earth Dam 4, 035, 060. 00 Tharaka 6 Kaayo Earth Dam 4, 937, 049. 00 Mutitu / Kaliku 7 Kaumbu / Mwinga Sand Dam 3, 702, 168. 75 Voo / Kyamatu 8 Kyandeve Sand Dam 450, 996. 32 Voo / Kyamatu 9 Kalikuvu Earth Dam 3, 639, 415. 50 Mutha 10 Itukisya Earth Dam 3, 742, 173. 00 Ikutha 11 Ngomano Sand Dam 858, 083. 59 Ikutha 12 Kwa Mboo Earth Dam 4, 490, 346. 00 Yatta / Kwa Vonza 56, 237, 961. 46 S/No. Project Name TOTAL 08/03/2021 17

Other Similar Climate Change Initiatives Promotion of High Value & Multipurpose plants – medicines, fruits, vegetables Exploration & mapping of mineral resources – 3 subcounties Mapping of water resources sites – Ming’eeto Project Training of artisanal miners Livestock improvement programme Training on tree nursery management Seed bulking Public health; waste management 08/03/2021 18

Hosted World Metrological Day – 23 rd March 2016: Theme: “Hotter, Drier, Wetter: Face the Future” 08/03/2021 19

National Theme: “Interpreting Clouds” 08/03/2021 20

Kitui County CIS secondary intermediaries training session

Kauwi Ward team during their prioritization meeting – public participation

Consultations on High value & multi-purpose plants Community members receiving tree seedlings for planting Public participation is critical for any project sustainability 08/03/2021 23

Water reservoir - Itukisya Earth Dam - Ikutha Cattle trough Water harvesting is a major challenge in Kitui County 08/03/2021 24

Masonry water tank at Kamuyuni in Migwani Ward Simple embankment wall at Kamuyuni Rock Catchment Kitui County has high potential for rock catchments 08/03/2021 25

Livestock drinking water at Mikuyuni Earth Dam

Matinga Dam Project Silted Matinga Dam Embankment wall intact Dam can hold 3 million cubic meters of water per year

Matinga Dam Is an Important Wetland Matinga Dam during rain season

Series of water pools along Matinga River Water pool at Kamelya Andu Aquifer

Ever wet even during dry season Papyrus and reeds

WRUA members at site Ecologically productive ecosystem; Fresh water;

Community tree nursery at Kaayo 2 year Mukau plantation at Yatta / Kwa Vonza Community climate change adaptation initiatives 08/03/2021 32