SOUTH ASIA TODAY CHAPTER 25 SECTION 1 THE

SOUTH ASIA TODAY CHAPTER 25, SECTION 1: THE ECONOMY

IMPORTANT VOCABULARY • CASH CROP : FARM PRODUCTS GROWN FOR SALE AND EXPORT. • JUTE: A FIBER USED TO MAKE STRING, ROPE, AND CLOTH. • GREEN REVOLUTION: AN EFFORT TO INCREASE CROP YIELDS, USING FERTILIZERS AND IRRIGATION.

VOCABULARY (CONT’D) • COTTAGE INDUSTRY: BUSINESSES THAT EMPLOY WORKERS IN THEIR HOMES. • ECOTOURISM: TOURISM THAT ENCOURAGES RESPONSIBLE INTERACTION WITH THE ENVIRONMENT. • INTERDEPENDENT: RELIANT ON ONE ANOTHER.

AGRICULTURE • MANY FARMERS USE SUBSISTENCE FARMING. • AGRICULTURAL CONDITIONS VARY. • CASH CROPS INCLUDE: TOBACCO, COFFEE, TEA, RUBBER, COCONUTS, RICE, JUTE, GRAINS, AND COTTON. • IMPROVEMENTS WITH GREEN REVOLUTION & MECHANIZATION.

MINING AND FISHING • VERY PROFITABLE INDUSTRIES WITH GREAT POTENTIAL. • RICH MINERAL DEPOSITS OF IRON ORE, COAL, BAUXITE, COPPER, ZINC, LEAD, MARBLE, AND GRAPHITE. • LARGE FISHING RESOURCES: LOBSTER, SHRIMP, AND FRESH, DRY FISH.

INDIA’S EVOLVING ECONOMY • INDIA REJECTED FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN THE LATE 1940 S. • POLICIES OF SELF-SUFFICIENCY WITH REDUCED FOREIGN TRADE. • ECONOMIC GROWTH DECLINED IN THE 1960 S. • IN THE 1990 S, NEW ECONOMIC GROWTH.

LIGHT & HEAVY INDUSTRY • COTTAGE INDUSTRIES: TEXTILES, SHOES, JEWELRY, TRADITIONAL CRAFTS, AND FURNITURE. • HEAVY INDUSTRIES – MASS PRODUCTION OF: IRON, STEEL, CEMENT, AND HEAVY MACHINERY.

SERVICE & HIGH-TECH SECTOR • SINCE THE 1980 S, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE WITH GOV’T SERVICES HAVE GROWN. • MORE SCHOOLS ARE OFFERING TECH & ENGINEERING TRAINING. • INDIAN COMPUTER PROFESSIONALS ARE IN HIGH GLOBAL DEMAND. • INDIA WAS LEADING EXPORTER OF SOFTWARE SERVICES IN 2009.

TOURISM • TOURISM ATTRACTS HIKERS, HUNTERS, AND PHOTOGRAPHERS. • CONFLICTS HAVE NEGATIVELY IMPACTED TOURIST REVENUE. • ECOTOURISM HAS HELPED LOCAL ECONOMIES AND ENVIRONMENTALISM.

LAND WATER TRAVEL • INDIA’S ROAD NETWORK COVERS 125, 000 MILES. • THE BRITISH BUILT RAILWAY SYSTEMS IN INDIA AND BANGLADESH. • PAKISTAN AND BHUTAN HAVE INVESTED IN THEIR TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS. • INDIA, PAKISTAN; BANGLADESH HAVE MAJOR SEAPORTS.

COMMUNICATIONS • FREE PRESS IN INDIA, BANGLADESH, AND PAKISTAN. • BHUTAN AND NEPAL CENSOR THEIR MEDIA. • WIDE-SCALE INTERNET USAGE IN INDIA.

TRADE & INTERDEPENDENCE • STRUGGLES WITH INTERDEPENDENCE. EX: INDIA AND PAKISTAN. • INDIA IS SOUTH ASIA’S LARGEST ECONOMY. • NEPAL AND BHUTAN RELY HEAVILY ON INDIA FOR TRADE. • IN 2004, THESOUTH ASIA FREE TRADE AGREEMENT (SAFTA). THERE ARE STILL ISSUES OVER TARIFFS. • INDIA IS PURSUING TRADE AGREEMENTS WITH THEEU AND JAPAN.

SOUTH ASIA TODAY CHAPTER 25, SECTION 2: PEOPLE AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT

• SUSTAINABLE IMPORTANT VOCABULARY D : EVELOPMENT USING RESOURCES AT A RATE THAT DOES NOT DEPLETE THEM FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS. • CHIPKO: A “TREE HUGGER MOVEMENT” THAT STRESSES THE IMPORTANCE OF TREES. • POACHING: ILLEGAL HUNTING. • NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION: THE SPREADING DEVELOPMENT OF NUCLEAR ARMS, WEAPONS. • DALITS: MEANING “OPPRESSED. ”THOSE OF THE LOWER SOCIAL STATUS OR CLASS.

WATER • LACK OF CLEAR WATER AND SANITATION IN THE REGION. • DAMS HAVE BEEN BUILT FOR IRRIGATION, FLOOD CONTROL, AND HYDROELECTRIC POWER. • A NEGATIVE EFFECT HAS BEEN A SPREAD OF DISEASES (MALARIA).

FORESTS • DEFORESTATION HAS OCCURRED WITH SLASH-ANDBURN FARMING, LOGGING, MINING, AND URBANIZATION. • THE LOSS OF FORESTS HAS LED TO SOIL EROSION, FLOODS, AND HIGHER TEMPERATURES. • THERE HAVE BEEN REFORESTATION EFFORTS AND CHIPKO.

WILDLIFE • WILDLIFE INCLUDE: ELEPHANTS, WATER BUFFALO, MONKEYS, TIGERS, AND CROCODILES. • MANY ARE ENDANGERED DUE TO POPULATION GROWTH AND DEFORESTATION. • GOV’T EFFORTS TO STOP THIS WITH WILDLIFE RESERVES AND OUTLAWING HUNTING.

SEEKING SOLUTIONS • SCIENTISTS ARE WORKING TO REDUCE AIR POLLUTION. • METEOROLOGISTS ARE STUDYING MONSOONS IN THE BAY OF BENGAL TO REDUCE THEIR EFFECTS. • SATELLITE IMAGING TO STUDY EROSIONS TO IMPROVE SOIL.

FUTURE CHALLENGES • INDIA AND PAKISTAN HAVE FOUGHT OVER KASHMIR SINCE 1947. • NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION HAS RAISED TENSIONS. • KASHMIRI MILITANT ATTACKS ALMOST LED TO WAR IN 2002. • OPENED TRADE IN 2005 BRINGS HOPE FOR IMPROVED RELATIONS.