South Africa Maps courtesy of www theodora commaps

South Africa "Maps courtesy of www. theodora. com/maps used with permission" ~A Story of Hope~ One nation’s journey to freedom

Did you know? Statistics in South Africa n n n A continuing conflict remains between the people and the government The government provides necessities in a limited amount to the people, such as 6, 000 liters of water a month, telephone service, and housing However, there is little basic sanitation in the country, housing has a backlog of 1 million homes, and water and telephone lines are cut off frequently because the people cannot afford to pay for the extra services they use (their salaries are not high enough) The government is not getting enough money to continue to provide services to the people There are visible divisions: black/white, male/female, literate/illiterate South Africa: Rising Pressure on Government to Deliver Quicker

Unemployment n Rate of people below poverty line rose from 28%-33% from 1995 -1999 n 1995 -2002 Unemployment rate rose from 1. 9 million to 4. 2 million n Rural black women-47% out of work n Official Unemployment Rate- 30. 5% (includes only those searching for work) n Estimated General Unemployment Rate- 40% South Africa: Rising Pressure on Government to Deliver Quicker

What? ! n n n Many are shocked by those statistics, but what they fail to realize is how far South Africa has come Just the fact that the government provides free services for the people, like water, telephone, and housing is amazing compared to where the country used to be Though there are still divisions, which can be seen in every country, the government is now democratic and no longer oppressing the black and colored

In the Beginning… The History of Apartheid in South Africa n n n Colonized by English and Dutch in 17 th century despite the existence of native groups, such as Zulu and Xhosh (natives still around today) English domination of Dutch (Afrikaners) led to Dutch creating new colonies 1900 -Diamonds found in colonies led to English invasion and Boer War After gaining independence from England, Afrikaner National Party gained majority in 1940 s 1948 -National Party-invented apartheid to establish white domination and separate races further 1960 s- “Grand Apartheid” established- “territorial separation and police repression”

Looking into Apartheid… 1948 -Racism institutionalized -Marriage between blacks and whites prohibited -”white-only” jobs sanctioned The History of Apartheid in South Africa 1950 -Population Registration Act -Divided South Africans into white, black (Africans), and colored (mixed descent) -Based on appearance, social acceptance, and descent -Blacks-forced to carry “pass books” holding fingerprints, photograph, and information on access to non-black areas

1951 Bantu Authorities Act n n Created basis for ethnic government in African reserves or “homelands” Black political rights restricted to designated homeland, but had no rights in South African Parliament, which had complete control over the homelands Photo and History: The History of Apartheid in South Africa

1953 - Public Safety Act and Criminal Law Amendment Act n Gave government power to declare states of emergency, increasing punishments for protesting against or supporting repeal of a law: fines, imprisonment, whippings n 1960 -Government declared state of emergency when large group of blacks in Sharpeville refused to carry their passes • Emergency lasted for 156 days, 69 people dead and 187 people wounded Photo and History: The History of Apartheid in South Africa

Apartheid was highly effective at giving preferential treatment to whites Chart and History: The History of Apartheid in South Africa

A Struggle Against Apartheid Important to remember: Throughout the apartheid, there was a movement fighting against it… African National Congress Nelson Mandela- A key character in the fight for democracy -Imprisoned for his political efforts -President of ANC -Released from prison in 1990 -First democratic president of South Africa May 10, 1994 First Democratic Election Photo and history: http: //www. anc. org. za/people/mandela. html

Today… n After the cruelty of apartheid, South Africa is celebrating over ten years of democracy and even has a black president. President Mbeki http: //www. irinnews. org/photogallery/iringallery. asp

In South African News… AIDS Not Fading Lack of Staff Threatens ARV Plan HIV/AIDS is a huge concern is South Africa today. There is a constant debate over whether or not President Mbeki and the government are doing enough to fight the growing AIDS epidemic. Mbeki is constantly criticized for his controversial view on HIV’s contribution to AIDS. He is uncertain that HIV, a single virus, can lead to the destruction of the immune system that AIDS causes. The ARV treatment plan for AIDS is facing obstacles, like money and staff. A huge obstacle to getting more HIV positive people on antiretroviral treatment is the lack of staff. More than 7600 health officials had been trained by April, but many more are still needed. By 2009, 3200 doctors, 2400 nurses, 765 social workers, 765 dieticians, 112 pharmacists, and 2000 data capturers will be needed in order to implement the whole antiretroviral plan. There is a fear that due to the shortage of health professionals, the existing services will suffer because people are leaving their positions to join the ARV program.

Generous Lawyers to Give 24 Free Hours to Poor Lawyers are now required to give 24 hours of free legal assistance to the poor each year. This is to be done in order to bring their services to the people and transform the legal fraternity. The decision was made on the night of September 26, 2005 when the Cape Law Society signed a pro bono joint venture agreement with many community-based legal associations. These associations provide legal assistance to people who cannot afford to pay high fees. The society also opened new offices in an effort to make legal resources easier for the public, especially at the lower end of the city, to obtain. The pro bono service was part of a commitment to fulfill responsibilities to the poor. It will help to keep all people equal before the law by providing an opportunity for the poor to obtain legal assistance.

Building Better Homes Quality Architecture, Solution to Sustainable Human Settlements The minister of housing, Lindiwe Sisulu, has stated that sustainable human settlements can be created through designs of high quality and innovation. These designs could stand the test of time. The houses should be quality homes and provide security of occupants. In 2003, a survey showed that South Africans were not satisfied with their homes, saying that they had weak construction. Now, standards are being established so that the homes will no longer be low quality homes. The government looks to make the living conditions of the people better by providing them with better quality homes. With the new housing designs, the people will have a real asset in their hands when new houses are built.

SOUTH AFRICA Although South Africa has not completely recovered from the effects of apartheid, the country is much better off than it was ten years ago… http: //www. africaguide. com/country/safrica/photolib. htm

http: //www. africaguide. com/country/safrica/photolib. htm

Works Cited Lack of Staff Threatens ARV Plan. Cullinan, Kerry. 8 Sept. 2005. all. Africa. com. 29 Sept. 2005 <http: //allafrica. com/stories/200509080450. html>. Lawyers to Give 24 Free Hours to the Poor. Maposa, Siphokazi. 27 Sept. 2005. all. Africa. com. 29 Sept. 2005 <http: //allafrica. com/stories/200509270458. html>. Nelson Rolihahla Mandela. ANC. 2005. African National Congress. 29 Sept. 2005. <http: //www. anc. org. za/people/mandela. html>. Quality Architecture, Solution to Sustainable Human Settlements. Sakoana, Thapelo. 27 Sept. 2005. all. Africa. com. 29 Sept. 2005 <http: //allafrica. com/stories/200509270519. html>. South Africa: Rising Pressure on Government to Deliver Quicker. IRIN. 27 May 2005. IRIN News. 29 Sept. 2005 <http: //www. irinnews. org/S_report. asp? Report. ID=47366&Select. Region=Southern_Africa>. The History of Apartheid in South Africa. Choski, Monal. 1995. Stanford University. 29 Sept. 2005 <http: //www-cs-students. stanford. edu/~cale/cs 201/apartheid. hist. html>.