South Africa and Apartheid What is Apartheid Look

South Africa and Apartheid

What is Apartheid? • Look to the right—what does this picture make you feel? • What does this picture tell you about Apartheid in South Africa?

Definition of Apartheid: • The term apartheid (from the Africkaans word for “apartness”) was coined in the 1930 s and used as a political slogan of the National Party of South Africa in the early 1940 s, but the policy itself extends back to the beginning of white settlers in South Africa. • The Afrikaner Nationalist implemented apartheid under law in 1948.

How was Apartheid enforced? • The Population Registration Act of 1950, put all South Africans into 3 categories: • Bantu (black African) • White • Colored (of mixed races) • A 4 th category: Asian (Indian and Pakistanis) was added later.

Policies to enforce Apartheid • 1. Enforced by a series of laws passed. Group Areas Act of 1950 assigned races to different residential and business sections in urban areas. • 2. The Land Acts of 1954 and 1955 restricted nonwhite residence to specific areas. Limited black land ownership. White minority controlled over 80% of South African land. • 3. Prohibited social interaction between races; enforced segregation of public facilities, including educational. • 4. Created race-specific jobs; limited power of nonwhite unions; and minimized nonwhite participation of government.

Answer the following: • How can you explain Apartheid in your own words? • Supposed you were a student in South Africa during Apartheid. How would you feel that you are required to carry papers showing your ethnic group? • If you were a minority in South Africa under Apartheid, what rights do you think you would have? Explain.

Response to Apartheid Around the World • Apartheid was denounced by the international community: In 1961 South Africa was forced to withdraw from the British Commonwealth by member countries who were critical of apartheid. • In 1985, governments of the U. S. and Great Britain imposed economic sanctions on South Africa in protest to its racial policy.

Answer the following at the end of the PPT: • Based on background knowledge and notes, what are some similarities and differences between the U. S. Civil Rights movement and South Africa’s apartheid? (you may need to research this) • Using the notes and evidence from lecture/photographs/notes, identify causes and effects of apartheid…include the effects today. You may use outside sources.

Reform • President F. W. de Klerk began to dismantle the apartheid system in the early 1990 s. • The year 1990 brought a National Party government dedicated to reform and also saw the legalization of formerly banned black congresses (including the African National Congress) and the release of imprisoned black leaders. • In 1994, the country’s constitution was rewritten and free general elections were held for the first time in its history. • In 1994, Nelson Manela’s election as South Africa’s first BLACK president brought an end to the apartheid system.

Important Men that ended Apartheid: • Throughout the years of Apartheid, two groups were working to end apartheid—the African National Congress led by Nelson Mandela and the Pan African Congress. • Riots and fighting took place constantly, and Nelson Mandela was sentenced to life in prison for his work against apartheid. • In 1990, South African President, (LAST WHITE) F. W. de Klerk agreed to allow the ANC to operate as a legal party and he released Nelson Mandela after 27 years in prison. • F. W. de Klerk also began to repeal the apartheid laws.

The Numbers don’t Lie: • Population of South Africa: • 19 million blacks • 4. 5 million whites Annual expenditure on education per student: --$45 blacks/$696 whites Teacher/Student Ratio: --1/60 black: 1/22 whites Land Allocation: --13% black: 87% white

Answer 2 of the following: • What would have happened if apartheid had never existed? How would South Africa be different today? What if it still existed today, how would the world react? This must be detailed! 6 -10 sentences • Create a metaphor for apartheid and illustrate it. • Illustrate an anti-Apartheid poster (original to you not the internet)

Watch the following biography of Nelson Mandela, and write a 2 -3 paragraph summary with a paragraph of how the biography made you feel. • https: //www. nelsonmandela. org/landing/life-and-times • Once on the website, go to the biography tab (read and look at pictures). • Video is in the middle of the page, click and watch. • This is a great website resource for any assignment with Apartheid and Nelson Mandela. • Brainpop: Nelson Mandela: Log in CMSHUSKY Password: LIGHTHOUSE