SOSS First Year Subject Talks Development Studies The

SOSS First Year Subject Talks: Development Studies “The country that is more developed industrially only shows, to the less developed, Karl Marx the image of its own future. ” Does it? nick. weaver@manchester. ac. uk Director of Development Studies Stream on BA Econ 1

Plan • Development Studies – Disciplines – Developing Countries • 1 st Year Development Unit ECON 10002 An Introduction to Development • BA Econ: Development Studies Stream • After your degree • Development at Manchester 2

Development Studies “a multidisciplinary area of study within the social sciences examining developing countries and the development process” Disciplines? Developing countries? Development process? 3

Disciplines Academic Disciplines: a branch of knowledge, typically one studied in higher education • Social Science Disciplines – – – Economics Politics Sociology Philosophy Social Anthropology History/Geography/Law/Ecology • In each: structured knowledge – Theories/ Rival Theories => Applications • Critical engagement • Is it sensible to look at only one discipline/approach? • Complements or Substitutes 4

Developing Countries • Countries with – “on average” a low standard of living – moderate/low Human Development Index (HDI) – an undeveloped industrial base • Such countries – low per capita income – widespread poverty – low capital formation • Other terms – – Third World LDCs less developed country (LDC) (or Least!!!) Less economically developed country (LEDC) Underdeveloped Countries • Q: Overly economic? Political/Social/Cultural development 5

Development: A Concept – A process • Means different things – At different times – To different people • In different theoretical traditions – Classical Economics: Marx – Colonial view – Post WWII views – More “modern” views YES and NO! 6

Marx: Development • Development part of the story of how capitalism “naturally” works – Key in his analysis • Interactions/conflict between social classes • ownership of means of production • technology – Societies progress through stages • “Structural change” – Economic – Political – Changes in class composition – Historical “laws” • Leading from Feudalism to Capitalism … • Eventual leading to Socialism/Communism 7

Colonial Powers: Development • Conscious activity willed by government • Need to use (exploit) natural resources – For the benefit of who? – Need not imply or did not emphasise “structural change” Development • Marx: “something that happens” • Colonial view: A conscious activity of some agent 8

Post World War II: Development • GDP/N “the” measure of development • Underdevelopment becomes a characteristic of peoples/societies /nations not resources • Accompanied by presumptions that: – Industrialisation is necessary and almost sufficient & – Development is something that governments can/should do 9

More ‘‘modern’’ approaches • Critique of relying on Industrialisation and GDP/N • Not just “mean” income but also – Wealth – Distribution of Income and Wealth – And other dimensions (not just £) • Health and Education Eg. HDI (Health, Education, Income) • Gender equality • Culture • Liberty • Political Freedom • Happiness! 10

Level 1 course ECON 10002 An Introduction to Development Aims: • Self-contained introduction to development studies for social scientists • Preparatory material for second and third year courses – Development & Framework for “development thinking” for non-dev courses • Economics - BUT Objectives: by the end of the course be able to demonstrate knowledge of • meaning and measurement of development • international development institutions • of all, and critical understanding of at least one of: – – – – A. Sen’s (1999) Development as Freedom J. Stiglitz’s (2002) Globalization and its Discontents Ha-Joon Chang (2007) Bad Samaritans T Piketty, (2014) Capital in the Twenty-First Century Dasgupta, Partha (2007) Economics: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford B Wydick (2007) Games in Economic Development, Cambridge D. Hulme (2010) Global Poverty: How Global Governance is Failing the 11

Course Structure 10 Credit course => 100 hours = 25 contact + 75 other 2 hours of lectures each week (20 hours) approx. 200 students Optional 1 hour tutorial every two weeks (5 hours) MCQs during course in the lecture Mock Exam near end of the course 75 hours of reading/note making/exam practice etc 100% Exam – Some MCQs and an essay reviewing one of the books Lecturer/Tutor office hours every week 12

BA Econ. Dev. Stud. Stream Regs Y 2 Area pre-requisites: 20 Dev Econ – ECON 20321 Dev Econ IIA (10) and ECON 20332 Dev Econ IIB (10) 20 from – – POLI 20711 Politics of Globalisation 20 POLI 20722 Politics of Development 20 SOAN 20822 Political & Economic Anthropology 20 SOCY 20161 Globalisation & Developing Societies 20 Y 3 No Basic units – wide choice: Single 80 – Joint 50 Dev Studs. Dissertation: ECON 30910 Economics/POLI 30380 Politics/SOCY 30920 Sociology – Note: Y 3 Dev Econ III – “technical economics” => prerequisites • NOTE: Limited requirements => very flexible – Single or Joint – Dev Studs – Econ + Dev – Politics + Dev – Dev +Sociology 13

Y 1 choices for BA Econ DS students Compulsory (depending on prior studies) • Microeconomics/Macroeconomics • Maths/Stats Which options? Very “tentative” advice! • ECON 10002 Intro to Development Which POLI? • POLI 10201/2 Intro. to Comparative Politics UK/US/China • POLI 10601 Intro. to International Politics IR/IPE • POLI 10702 Intro. to Political Theory** Which from SOCY/SOAN/PHIL • SOCY 10912 Work, Organisations & Society • SOAN 10312 Cultural Diversity in Global Perspective • PHIL 10642 Philosophy & Social Science Anything else? • HIST 10511 Globalisation in Historical Perspective • SOST 10021 Unequal Societies: Health, Well-being & Happiness • SOST 10142 Applied Statistics for Economists 14

Plan ahead: after your degree Employability • Dev. jobs tend to be “very competitive” • “Research” to improve employability (and motivation) • Go soon to – Careers Service – Websites: UN/World Bank/Research Insts. /DSA/UK DFID/NGOs • Dev careers typically need – Not only UG but PG Qualification {*An Aside: 2: 1 s very important: “First year does count”*} – a “specialism” - acquisition of useful skills/knowledge – experience – volunteering/internships – contacts Post-Graduate • MSc Dev Econ & Policy Economics/IDPM – (Econ needed!) • MSc Social Stats SOSS Social Stats • MA Political Economy/International Politics/Human 15

Development Studies Research • Research Assessment Exercise (2008) Development Studies ranked No. 1 in the UK on "Research Power” • Wide range of different disciplines/research centres – SED: Institute for Development Policy and Management IDPM/Geog – School of Social Sciences So. SS – Econ/Pol/Soc. An/Soc. Stat – Brooks World Poverty Institute BWPI – Sustainable Consumption Institute SCI – Manchester Business School • Famous researchers – W. Arthur Lewis – Hans Singer and Kurt Mandelbaum (aka Kurt Martin), H W Arndt, Peter Worsley, Hamza Alavi, Teodor Shanin, Dennis Austin, Bill Tordoff, Terrence Ranger, Trevor Ling, Richard Werbner and Peter Gatrell, Diane Elson, Phil Leeson, Fred Nixson, Tony Addison, (Joe Stiglitz, Partha Dasgupta) – Currently at Manchester : Bina Agarwal, Caroline Moser, Kunal Sen, David Hulme, Pierre-Richard Agenor, Uma Kothari, Phil Woodhouse, Diana Mitlin • Lots going on! 16

• Any questions on Development Studies? • Email: Subject header – Development Studies nick. weaver@manchester. ac. uk Thank you for your kind attention! 17