Some Water Cycle Facts Water has been recycled
Some Water Cycle Facts. . • Water has been recycled for about 4 billion years. Since the volcanoes erupted adding water vapor to the air • The water cycle gets its energy from the Sun • 97% of Earth’s water is salt water. • Most of the remaining 3% is stored as Icecaps and Glaciers.
The water cycle is also called the cycle.
Water that is stored in the oceans and lakes can and become a gas.
As the water rises through the atmosphere, it cools, condenses and becomes
When the water gets heavy enough it can fall to the ground in the form of different types of
If the lithosphere (ground) is saturated, the water that has fallen can become and flow directly into streams, rivers, or lakes.
It can also be stored on the surface of the lithosphere as snow or ice known as
If the lithosphere is not saturated, the water will the lithosphere and move into the zone of or the zone of
The interface (boundary) between these two zones is called the
The roots of plants can reach into the zone of soak up the water, and the water can then re-enter the atmosphere through the process of
transpiration condensation precipitation evaporation infiltration
Zoomable cycle
The amount of open space in the ground (pore space) What materials would you need to calculate the porosity of a sample of soil?
Which is more porous, a container of: a. round particles or angular particles b. tightly packed particles or loosely packed particles c. well-sorted particles or d. large beads unsorted particles or small beads
***Particle size alone does not determine porosity***
Sorting
how fast the water can pass through the material.
Which column would allow water to flow through fastest? Why?
If you join sediment from A and D, what would happen to the permeability? Why?
Which is more permeable? a. small particles or large particles b. frozen ground or unfrozen ground
a. Factors affecting Permeability Particle Size –big particles have big spaces water can flow faster through b. Sorting –unsorted sediment small pieces fill in the spaces in between big pieces c. Packing –increased packing decreases pore space making water flow through slower d. Shape- angular pieces can fit together better than rounder pieces, less pore space for water to flow through
As the porosity, increases, permeability increases
Capillarity – the upward movement of water through a material. Water gets stuck in the open spaces particles will have greater capillarity Smaller
We Want Infiltration! Not Runoff! • Why? ? ? • More infiltration means more drinking water in our water table!
Runoff will happen if. . 1. The ground is impermeable (water cannot get in). 2. The ground is saturated (there is no room for the water). 3. The water is falling faster than it can infiltrate (rate of precipitation is greater than rate of infiltration). 4. The slope of the land is too steep.
Other Factors affecting Infiltration 1. Urbanization- Decreases infiltration 2. Vegetation – increased vegetation increases infiltration- WHY? ? The groundhogs have something to say about this!
Which will result in greater runoff and stream discharge? a. an area that is vegetated or b. an area that has a steep slope c. ground that is frozen d. ground that is saturated an area that is barren or or an area that is flat ground that is unfrozen or ground that unsaturated
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