Somatoform Disorders Psychological Factors Affecting Medical Conditions and

Somatoform Disorders, Psychological Factors Affecting Medical Conditions, and Dissociative Disorders Copyright © 2007 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

SOMATOFORM DISORDERS soma = “body” in Greek n. A wide variety of conditions in which psychological conflicts are translated into physical problems or complaints. n Impair functioning, ________. n ______________. n Won’t be indicated on physical or neurological tests. Copyright © 2007 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Clip art copyright © 2002 www. arttoday. com. Used with permission.

_________: A somatoform disorder involving the translation of unacceptable drives or troubling conflicts into physical symptoms. Copyright © 2007 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

CONVERSION DISORDER Four categories of symptoms: § § Motor symptoms or deficits. Sensory symptoms or deficits. ____________. Mixed presentations. n __________ – seem unconcerned with symptoms Copyright © 2007 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

__________: A somatoform disorder involving the expression of psychological issues through bodily problems that have no basis in physiological function. Copyright © 2007 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

SOMATIZATION DISORDER n May be exaggerating a real physical condition. n Not deliberately “faking. ” n _________. n Do not voluntarily seek ______. Copyright © 2007 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Pain Disorder: A somatoform disorder in which the only symptom is _____________________ Related to somatization disorder is pain disorder. Copyright © 2007 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Body Dysmorphic Disorder: n Somatoform disorder in which people are preoccupied, almost to the point of being delusional, ________________. Copyright © 2007 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER n Gender based concerns. § Men - Body build, genitals, hair. § Women - Weight, breast size or shape, facial features, scars, aging. n The “defects” are _______________. n Obsessed with looking at it, thinking about it, concealing it. Copyright © 2007 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Hypochondriasis: Somatoform disorder characterized by the misinterpretation of normal bodily functions as _____________. Copyright © 2007 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

HYPOCHONDRIASIS n _______ with perceived abnormal functioning. n Distress that medical tests do not confirm their fears. n Many also suffer _________. n Unlike somatization or conversion disorder, there is no abnormal bodily function or medical symptoms. Copyright © 2007 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

RELATED CONDITIONS These conditions and behaviors also involve a focus on the body, but are not somatoform disorders because the individuals know they are not really ill. n MALINGERING (_________) n _______ DISORDER (inner need to maintain sick role) § MUNCHAUSEN’S SYNDROME § FACTITIOUS (or MUNCHAUSEN’S) BY PROXY Copyright © 2007 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

THEORIES OF SOMATOFORM DISORDERS n MOTIVATIONS FOR ILLNESS § Primary gain § Secondary gain n INTEGRATIVE EXPLANATION Copyright © 2007 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

TREATMENT OF SOMATOFORM DISORDERS n Explore _____________________. n Provide behavioral techniques to control symptoms. Copyright © 2007 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Dissociative Disorders Copyright © 2007 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER Dissociative identity disorder: A dissociative disorder, formerly called multiple personality disorder, in which an individual develops more than one self or personality. Copyright © 2007 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER Alters n ___________ n Host n ________ n The disorder is highly controversial. Copyright © 2007 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Clip art copyright © 2002 www. arttoday. com. Used with permission.

Dissociative Identity Disorder n “_____” usually sudden and may be dramatic § _________ relationships – have no awareness of one another § Mutually cognizant patterns – each is well aware of the rest § One-way amnesic relationships – most common pattern; some personalities are aware of others, but the awareness is not mutual n Subpersonality differences: Vital statistics, abilities and preferences, physiological response Copyright © 2007 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

THEORIES OF DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER Highly Traumatic Childhood Explanation vs. _______ Model (enact roles demanded by a situation) Copyright © 2007 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

TREATMENT OF DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER n GOAL § ________. n METHODS § Hypnotherapy § Cognitive Behavioral Techniques Copyright © 2007 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

DISSOCIATIVE AMNESIA Unable to remember details and experiences associated with traumatic or stressful event n Four forms: n § _______ – all events during a specified time § Selective – some events are forgotten § ________ – can’t remember anything at all § Continuous – failure to recall events from a certain event to the present time Copyright © 2007 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

DISSOCIATIVE FUGUE formerly called psychogenic fugue Dissociative ____: A dissociative disorder in which a person, confused about personal identity, suddenly and unexpectedly travels to another place and is unable to recall past history or identity. Copyright © 2007 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

DEPERSONALIZATION DISORDER Depersonalization: An altered experience of the self, ranging from feeling that one's body is not connected to one's mind to the feeling that one is not real. Depersonalization Disorder: A dissociative disorder in which the individual experiences recurrent and persistent episodes of depersonalization. Copyright © 2007 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

People who feign illness because they like “being sick” are diagnosed with a ___ disorder. n A. factitious n B. somatoform n C. psychogenic n D. psychophysiological Copyright © 2007 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

A person who interprets minimal symptoms as signs of serious physical problems and suffers significant anxiety and depression as a result might be diagnosed with a n A. Conversion disorder n B. Somatoform pain disorder n C. Hysterical somatoform disorder n D. Preoccupation somatoform disorder Copyright © 2007 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.