SOMATIC THERAPIES FOR TREATMENT RESISTANT DEPRESSION ECT TMS

SOMATIC THERAPIES FOR TREATMENT RESISTANT DEPRESSION: ECT, TMS, VNS, DBS

purpose � to figure out which type of somatic therapy is the most effective and to find what the other types of somatic therapy have to offer because there are few studies on these somatic therapies based on the patient’s treatment resistance.

Key questions/ topics � How come ECT is better than the rest of the different types of somatic therapy. Are there any evidence of this? What will be the predicted outcome in each? � Topic: different levels of depression

TMS transcranial magnetic stimulation

ECT electro compulsive therapy

DBS Treating depression with electrodes inside the brain

VNS vagil nerve stimulation

KEY TERMS Somatic Therapy- biologically based treatments that act on known or apparent instant causes of a psychological disorder. � Treatment resistance depression (TRD)describes cases of people with major depressive disorder that do not respond well to at least two antidepressants. � Sham surgery- Sham surgery (also known as placebo surgery) is a faked surgical involvement that ignores the step thought to be medicinally necessary. �

Other sources �a video on how electroconvulsive therapy goes � http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=z. Yl 13 Relzbs � a video on TMS and what goes on when put on us � http: //www. doctoroz. com/videos/transcra nial-magnetic-stimulation-curedepression-pt-1

SIGNIFICANT POINTS -VNS and DBS have much higher costs and require a surgical approach; therefore they have been utilized primarily in patients with high, or extremely high, level of treatment-resistance, usually after the patient has failed a course of ECT. � - The high costs and the risks related to the surgical procedure, DBS has been limited to the most treatmentrefractory cases of depression and � - Future directions for the clinical development of TMS involve designing double-blind randomized controlled trials of increase in antidepressant therapy in patients who are drug-naïve or have moderate depression severity and designing procedures for long-term conservation. � (double-blind means any information that may influence the behavior of the subject is suppressed until after the test. ) �

----RESULTS � That ECT is the best non-surgical treatment for those who have TRD because when they compared it to TMS, the remission rate was 38. 0% while ECT had 58. 8%. In VNS, its effects take longer to appear compared to ECT.

Citation � Cusin, Cristina, and Darin D. Dougherty. "Somatic therapies for treatmentresistant depression: ECT, TMS, VNS, DBS. " Biology of Mood & Anxiety Disorders 2. 1 (2012): 14.