SOMATIC SENSORY SYSTEM REFLEX Receptor Stimulation Afferent system

SOMATIC SENSORY SYSTEM

REFLEX Receptor Stimulation Afferent system Central Nervous System Efferent system Effector Muscle

Senses = indera/sensasi-sensoris Somatik Otonomik Khusus /special : visus, olfactorius, auditorius, vestibul

SENSORY RECEPTOR - The part of a neuron or specialized cells that generates action potential in neuron. - Often associated with nonneural cells that surround it, forming a sense organ - Including mechanical (touch, pressure), thermal (degree of warmth), electromagnetic (light), chemical energy (odor, taste, concentration of O 2 and CO 2) - Require adequate stimulus to generate action potential

SENSORY MODALITY - Vision Hearing Smell Taste Rotational acceleration Linear acceleration Touch-pressure Warmth Cold - Pain - Joint position and movement - Muscle length - Muscle tension - Arterial blood pressure - Central venous pressure - Inflation of lung - Blood temperature in brain - Arterial PO 2 - p. H of CSF - Osmotic pressure of plasma - Arteiovenous blood glucose difference

Classification of sensory receptors: 1. Teleceptors (distance receivers) 2. Exteroceptors 3. Interoceptors 4. Proprioceptors (body image) Cutaneous sense : - Touch-pressure - Cold-warmth - Pain

Cutaneous sense organ: § Ruffini endings : heavy touch, pressure § Merkel’s disks : touch, low freq. vibration § Meissner’s corpuscles : light touch § Paccinian corpuscles : touch, vibration § Free nerve ending : pain

Two systems in sensory transmission: 1. The dorsal column-Lemniscal System - localization touch system - fine touch system - vibratory sensation - position - pressure 2. The anterolateral system / sys. spinothalamicus lateralis - pain - thermal sensation - tickle and itch sensation - sexual sensation - crude touch

TONGUE § Has 2 important innervations 1. N. lingualis (branch of N. trigeminus), innervate the pressure, touch and pain. 2. N. facialis, innervate the taste

PAIN Sherington’s philosophy: “unique built-in unpleasant affect” “the physical adjunct of an imperative protective reflex”

PAIN § § § Is one of the somatic sensory modalities Receptor: FREE NERVE ENDING Sensory peripheral nerve: - Aδ type (myelinated): for fast pain - C type (unmyelinated): for slow pain § Medulla spinalis conduction: - anterolateral system atau tractus spinothalamicus lateralis § Center of perception and interpretation: - gyrus post-centralis / SSA I

Fast pain: - Also known as sharp pain, pricking pain, acute pain, electric pain. - Occurs within about 0. 1 seconds after pain stimulus applied Slow pain - Begins after 1 second or more seconds after pain stimulus applied and then increases slowly. - Also known as burning pain, aching pain, throbbing pain, nauseous pain, chronic pain. In which category DENTAL PAIN belongs to?

PAIN - Impuls pathways S. S. A. I : Gyrus Postcentralis Thalamus Tr. Spino. Free nerve endings A / C thala micus Med. Spinalis

Pain mechanism on Free Nerve Ending Neurolemma / axolemma Some substances Free nerve ending trauma

STIMULATIONS can generate PAIN Mechanics , Thermal Chemical , Electrical Ischemia / infark Muscle spasm

Sensory nerve large view Free nerve ending

Damaged cells Some substance PE n e Fre e e v er g n i nd + Polypeptide Traum a Lesio tic n Action Potential

Some substance r e en g n i d n e ve Fre Axolemma Permeability Very easy to generate action potential

Some substance Bradikinin Histamin Serotonin Prostaglandin Substan P Leukotrien Enzim proteolitik dll.

Cephalgi Causal : Intra cranial Meningitis, encephalitis Trauma kepala Extra cranial Spasme otot leher, kepala. Tek. Cairan serebro-spinal Sinusitis, obstruksi nasi. Tumor, dll. Febris, influenza dll.

Thalamus Tempat relay / sinap : Impuls sensoris, kecuali : Olfactorius & Otonomik

Thalamus synonym : kamar bertirai Impuls Nyeri sinap di : Nuclei ventrobasal

S. S. A. I = Gyrus postcentralis Dibantu oleh : SSA. II & SSAA Thalamus Resume Receptor Med. spinalis

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