Solutions Acids Bases Solutions Acids Bases Solutions type

Solutions, Acids, & Bases

Solutions, Acids, & Bases Solutions • type of homogeneous mixture (no visibly different particles) • solute is dissolved in a solvent (Not always solid dissolved in a liquid)

Solutions, Acids, & Bases Solutions • solubility – how much solute is able to be dissolved in a given solvent – factors 1. 2. 3. 4. temperature pressure surface area stirring

Solutions, Acids, & Bases Solutions • solubility – degrees 1. unsaturated – more solute may theoretically be dissolved 2. saturated – maximum theoretical amount of solute is dissolved 3. supersaturated – more solute dissolved than predicted at given temp.

Solutions, Acids, & Bases Solutions • concentration – measure of amount of solute dissolved per quantity of solvent –dilute solution – low amount of solute –concentrated solution – high

Solutions, Acids, & Bases Solutions • Concentration –molarity (M) – moles of solute dissolved per liter of solution • also called molar concentration

Solutions, Acids, & Bases Molarity sample problems • A solution has a volume of 2. 0 L and contains 36. 0 g glucose. If the molar mass of glucose is 180 g/mol, find the molarity.

Solutions, Acids, & Bases Molarity sample problems • A saline solution contains 0. 90 g Na. Cl per 100 m. L of solution. What is the molarity?

Solutions, Acids, & Bases Molarity sample problems • How many moles of solute are present in 1. 5 L of 0. 24 M Na 2 SO 4?

Solutions, Acids, & Bases Molarity sample problems • How many moles of ammonium nitrate are in 335 m. L of 0. 425 M NH 4 NO 3?

Solutions, Acids, & Bases Solutions • concentration –diluting – lowering amount of solute in solution by adding more solvent (usually water) • M 1 × V 1 = M 2 × V 2

Solutions, Acids, & Bases Diluting sample problems • How many milliliters of a stock solution of 4. 00 M KI would you need to prepare 250. 0 m. L of 0. 760 M KI?

Solutions, Acids, & Bases Diluting sample problems • How many milliliters of a stock solution of 2. 00 M Mg. SO 4 would you need to prepare 100. 0 m. L of 0. 400 M Mg. SO 4?

Solutions, Acids, & Bases Solutions • concentration – percent solutions • by volume (volume of solute/solution volume) * 100% • by mass (mass of solute [in grams]/solution volume [in m. L]) * 100%

Solutions, Acids, & Bases % sol’n sample problems • What is the % by volume of C 2 H 6 O in the final solution when 85 m. L C 2 H 6 O is diluted to a volume of 250 m. L with water?

Solutions, Acids, & Bases % sol’n sample problems • A bottle of H 2 O 2 is labeled 3. 0% (v/v). How many m. L H 2 O 2 are in a 400. 0 m. L bottle of this solution?

Solutions, Acids, & Bases % sol’n sample problems • How many grams of C 6 H 12 O 6 would you need to prepare 2. 0 L of 2. 8% glucose (m/v) solution?

Solutions, Acids, & Bases % sol’n sample problems • Calculate the grams of solute required to make 250 m. L of 0. 10% Mg. SO 4 (m/v).