Solids Liquids and Gases Vocabulary 1 SolidA state

Solids, Liquids and Gases

Vocabulary 1. Solid-A state of matter that has a definite volume and definite shape. 2. Crystalline Solid-A substance that is made up of crystals in which particles are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern. 3. Amorphous Solid-A slid made up of particles that are not arranged in a regular pattern. 4. Liquid-A state of matter that had no definite shape but has a definite volume. 5. Fluid-Any substance that can flow. 6. Viscosity-The resistance of a liquid to flowing. 7. Gas-A state o matter with no definite shape or volume. 8. Melting-The change in state from a solid-to a liquid. 9. Freezing-The change in state from a liquid to a solid. 10. Vaporization-The change of state from a liquid to a gas.

Vocabulary 1. Heat-amount of energy transferred from one object or place to another. 2. Specific Heat-A material’s ability to take in or give off heat. 3. Insulator-Object or material that prevents conduction. 4. Kinetic Energy-The particles of matter are in constant motion. 5. Temperature-measure of the average kinetic energy of matter. 6. Expansion-an increase in the size of an object.

Solids • Definite Volume, Definite Shape • Particles are in Fixed Position • Particles Vibrate.

Types of Solids • Crystalline Solids-Made of Crystals Ex. Salt • Amorphous Solids-Not regular arrangement of particles Ex. Plastic/Ruber

Liquids • Particles are tightly packed. • Particles move freely. • No definite shape but have definite volume.

Viscosity-The resistance of flow of liquids. • Molasses has high viscosity. • Water has low viscosity. • The lower the temperature, the greater the viscosity.

Gases • No definite shape. No definite volume. • The volume and shape is that of the container. • Move at high speeds.

Temperature • Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the individual particles in an object. Kinetic Energy is energy of motion.

Producing Heat • A heat source is anything that gives off heat. • Most forms of energy produce heat. • Heat moves from regions of high temperature to regions of low temperature.

Temperature Scales 1. Fahrenheit Scale 2. Celsius Scale 3. Kelvin Scale

Thermal Energy • Thermal Energy is the total energy in a substance. Depends on a. b. c. The temperature The mass How the particles are arranged.

Specific Heat • Different Materials heat up and cool down at different rates. • The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram by 1 degree Kelvin • Water has a high specific heat. It takes in and gives off heat very slowly.

Specific Heat Examples • A lake’s large mass and water’s high specific heat prevent the lake’s temperature from changing quickly. • Iron and Aluminum have low specific heats. Because they heat up quickly, they make good cooking utensils.

Changes between a Liquid and Solid • Melting-Solid to Liquid • Freezing-Liquid to Solid

Changes between a Liquid and Gas • Vaporization – Liquid to Gas – Boiling=throughout liquid. – Evaporation=from surface.

Condensation-Gas to Liquid