Solid Waste Management for Rural Areas For B
Solid Waste Management for Rural Areas For B. A. , B. Com and BCA (2 nd Semester) Prepared by Dr. Mudasir Ahmad Wani
Meaning of Solid Waste All Solids and Semi-solids arising from human activities are discarded as wastes. It includes household waste, industrial, commercial and construction and demolition materials etc.
Sources of Solid Waste Household Commercial Solid Waste from 1. Institutions 2. Small scale industries 3. Hotels 4. Markets 5. Slaughter houses
Types of Household Solid Waste Food waste Animal waste Recyclables R Non recyclables • Food waste: Kitchen and left over • Animal waste: Excreta and residual animal feed • Recyclables: Paper, glass, plastic • Non-recyclables: Tetra pack, thermocol • Biomedical waste: Expired medicines • Hazardous waste: Used batteries, bulbs Street Sweeping Biomedical & Hazardous waste
Waste generation in Rural Areas Waste Stream Per household waste generation (grams/capita/day) 150 - 375 125 - 350 Food waste Dry waste (Paper, Plastic, Glass. . ) Animal waste Buffalo / cow (kg/animal) 5. 0 – 7. 0 Goat (kg/animal) 0. 2 Sweepings (Dust, dry 250 - 750 organic matter. . ) Note: Household size of 5 and 2 animals/household
Waste characteristics in Rural Areas Parameter Biodegradable Recyclables Inerts 55 – 75% 20 – 30% 5 – 10%
Criteria for selection of Technology 1. Availability of space near houses & housing pattern 2. Geophysical condition of the village including topography, soil structure & ground water conditions 3. Quantity and characteristics of the waste streams 4. Availability of common spaces in & around the village 5. Economic status of the GP & human resource available with the GP
How to Select a Technology : Food animal waste Space at HH Inadequate space Community managed system Collection and treatment Collection – tricycle, pushcart or motorized vehicle Treatment – compost or biogas plants Recyclables – Segregated at the household, collected, sold or processed at community level
Segregation & Door to door collection Households may be given a set of two domestic bins one time only and motivated to segregate wet and dry waste at source and Panchayat may arrange door to door collection of wet and dry waste separately.
Managing recyclables in small villages In small villages where door to door collection of wet and dry waste is not considered feasible, community bins may be provided at strategic locations in the village. 2. The community may be motivated to deposit their dry recyclable waste into these bins. 3. Panchayat may arrange weekly collection of recyclable from these bins and store the same in a shed and periodically sell the recyclables to recyclers. 1.
Strategy to manage the road side manure pits in the rural areas 1. Consultation with community leadership 2. Quick survey to list out manure pits on each street/public space 3. Motivate farmers to re-align these haphazardly setup dung storage pits to a regularly shaped pit in a row on the same streets without causing any inconvenience or hardship to them 4. Re-aligned pits may be fenced on the roadside by a hedge plants to screen the heaps of animal dung and other organic waste and improve the aesthetics of the village.
Street Sweeping 1. Citizens may be motivated to participate in efforts to keep the village clean 2. The family members may clean the street in front of their dwelling and deposit the waste so collected at a place notified by panchayat or in their animal dung pit. 3. In large villages, the panchayats may provide limited street cleaning service to clean commercial streets, the school compound &Surface drains.
Proposed Intervention – Solid Waste Management Waste Stream Proposed Models Food Waste 1. 2. 3. Continue re-use as feed for animals; Household composting/bio-gas; Community-level systems – composting / biogas Animal fecal matter 1. Streamline, arrange and make aesthetic the current arrangements of stacking the waste; Convert to compost through vermiculture at kurdi / community level; Promote household-level bio-gas systems where space and finance is available 2. 3. Sweepings 1. 2. Dry waste 1. 2. 3. Streamline current household practices with appropriate Behavior Change Communication; GP-managed systems in areas not covered by households or where household action is limited Segregate at source through provision of bins; Door to door collection / Transfer to street-level bins and then to village-level storage centres; Periodic sale to recyclers who will collect and process periodically.
Thank You
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