SOLE OF THE FOOT First layer Fibrous flexor

SOLE OF THE FOOT

First layer Fibrous flexor sheath Abductor hallucis Flexor digitorum brevis Abductor digiti minimi 2 abductor + 1 flexor

First Layer - It includes 3 muscles (2 Abductor +1 FDB) 1 - Abductor Hallucis (medial). ** Actions; Abduction of the big toe. 2 - Flexor digitorum brevis (middle) ** Actions, Flexion of the joints of the lateral four toes. 3 - Abductor digiti minimi (lateral) ** Action, Abduction of the little toe. The second toe is the axis on which abduction and adduction of the toes occur.

Second layer • 5 muscles + 2 tendons • Tendons of the flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus. • Flexor digitorum accessorius (quadratus plantae) • lumbricals (4)

Lumbricals Tendon of flexor hallucis longus Flexor digitorum accessorius Tendon of flexor digitorum longus

Second Layer 1 - Flexor digitorum accessorius ** Action; it helps in the action of flexor digitorum longus (brings the tendons of muscle more in a straight line with the toes). 2 - Lumbrical muscles (4 muscles) ** Actions; 1 - Flexion of metatarsophalangeal joints of the lateral 4 toes. 2 - Extension of interphalangeal joints of the lateral 4 toes. ** Paralysis of lumbricals muscles will lead to Hammer toes;

adductor hallucis (transverse head) flexor digiti minimi brevis Third layer adductor hallucis (oblique head) flexor hallucis brevis 2 Flexor + 1 Adductor

Third Layer - It includes 3 muscles (2 Flexor + 1 Adductor), 1 - Flexor hallucis brevis (medial) ** Action; flexion of the big toe. N. B; Each part contains a sesamoid bone closely to the insertion 2 - Adductor hallucis (middle) ** Actions; a- Oblique head: adduction of the big toe. b- Transverse head: supporting transverse arch of foot. 3 - Flexor digiti minimi brevis (lateral) ** Action; flexion of the little toe.

Long planter lig. Fourth layer 2 ligaments- 2 tendons- 2 muscles Dorsal & planter interossei Peroneus longus tendon Tibialis posterior tendon spring lig.

Plantar interossei (Ad) Unipennate Dorsal interossei (Ab) Bipennate

- No Planter interossei for the big toe as it has own adductor. - No Planter interossei to the 2 nd toe as it is the axis of the toes. - No Dorsal interossei of the big and little toes as they have their own abductor. • Nerve supply - All muscles of foot (18) supplied by lateral plantar nerve except 4 supplied by medial plantar nerve 1 - Abductor hallucis muscle (1 st layer). 2 - Flexor digitorum brevis muscle (1 st layer). 3 - 1 st lumbrical muscle (2 nd layer). 4 - Flexor hallucis brevis muscle (3 rd layer).

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