Solar Power Satellites and Microwave Power Transmission Andrew
![Solar Power Satellites and Microwave Power Transmission Andrew K. Soubel Energy Law Spring 2004 Solar Power Satellites and Microwave Power Transmission Andrew K. Soubel Energy Law Spring 2004](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-1.jpg)
![Outline l l l Background Solar Power Satellite Microwave Power Transmission Current Designs Legal Outline l l l Background Solar Power Satellite Microwave Power Transmission Current Designs Legal](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-2.jpg)
![Background 1899 -1990 Background 1899 -1990](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-3.jpg)
![Nikola Tesla l l 1856 -1943 Innovations: – Alternating current – Wireless power transmission Nikola Tesla l l 1856 -1943 Innovations: – Alternating current – Wireless power transmission](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-4.jpg)
![Wardenclyffe l 1899 – Able to light lamps over 25 miles away without using Wardenclyffe l 1899 – Able to light lamps over 25 miles away without using](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-5.jpg)
![1940’s to Present l l World War II developed ability to convert energy to 1940’s to Present l l World War II developed ability to convert energy to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-6.jpg)
![Brief History of Solar Power l l l 1940 -50’s Development of the Photovoltaic Brief History of Solar Power l l l 1940 -50’s Development of the Photovoltaic](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-7.jpg)
![Solar Power from Satellites l 1968’s idea for Solar Power Satellites proposed by Peter Solar Power from Satellites l 1968’s idea for Solar Power Satellites proposed by Peter](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-8.jpg)
![Details of the DOE Study l Construct the satellites in space – l l Details of the DOE Study l Construct the satellites in space – l l](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-9.jpg)
![Advantages over Earth based solar power l l l More intense sunlight In geosynchronous Advantages over Earth based solar power l l l More intense sunlight In geosynchronous](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-10.jpg)
![Continued l l l Waste heat is radiated back into space Power can be Continued l l l Waste heat is radiated back into space Power can be](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-11.jpg)
![Problems l Issues identified during the DOE study – Complexity— 30 years to complete Problems l Issues identified during the DOE study – Complexity— 30 years to complete](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-12.jpg)
![Continued l l Cost—prototype would have cost $74 billion Microwave transmission – – Interference Continued l l Cost—prototype would have cost $74 billion Microwave transmission – – Interference](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-13.jpg)
![1980’s to Present l l Japanese continued to study the idea of SPS throughout 1980’s to Present l l Japanese continued to study the idea of SPS throughout](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-14.jpg)
![NASA Fresh Look Report l l SPS could be competitive with other energy sources NASA Fresh Look Report l l SPS could be competitive with other energy sources](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-15.jpg)
![Specifications l l Collector area must be between 50 (19 sq miles) and 150 Specifications l l Collector area must be between 50 (19 sq miles) and 150](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-16.jpg)
![Continued l l There advantages Possible power generation of 5 to 10 gigawatts – Continued l l There advantages Possible power generation of 5 to 10 gigawatts –](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-17.jpg)
![Possible Designs Possible Designs](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-18.jpg)
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-19.jpg)
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-20.jpg)
![Deployment Issues l l Cost of transporting materials into space Construction of satellite – Deployment Issues l l Cost of transporting materials into space Construction of satellite –](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-21.jpg)
![Possible Solutions l l l International Space Station President’s plan for a return to Possible Solutions l l l International Space Station President’s plan for a return to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-22.jpg)
![Microwave Power Transmission How the power gets to Earth Microwave Power Transmission How the power gets to Earth](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-23.jpg)
![From the Satellite Solar power from the satellite is sent to Earth using a From the Satellite Solar power from the satellite is sent to Earth using a](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-24.jpg)
![Microwaves Frequency 2. 45 GHz microwave beam l Retro directive beam control capability l Microwaves Frequency 2. 45 GHz microwave beam l Retro directive beam control capability l](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-25.jpg)
![Microwave vs. Laser Transmission l Microwave – – More developed High efficiency up to Microwave vs. Laser Transmission l Microwave – – More developed High efficiency up to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-26.jpg)
![Rectenna “An antenna comprising a mesh of dipoles and diodes for absorbing microwave energy Rectenna “An antenna comprising a mesh of dipoles and diodes for absorbing microwave energy](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-27.jpg)
![Rectenna Design l Currently there are two different design types being looked at – Rectenna Design l Currently there are two different design types being looked at –](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-28.jpg)
![5, 000 MW Receiving Station (Rectenna). This station is about a mile and a 5, 000 MW Receiving Station (Rectenna). This station is about a mile and a](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-29.jpg)
![Rectenna Issues l l l Size – Miles across Location – Aesthetic – Near Rectenna Issues l l l Size – Miles across Location – Aesthetic – Near](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-30.jpg)
![Current Developments Current Developments](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-31.jpg)
![SPS 2000 SPS 2000](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-32.jpg)
![Details l l l Project in Development in Japan Goal is to build a Details l l l Project in Development in Japan Goal is to build a](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-33.jpg)
![Continued l 10 MW satellite delivering microwave power – Will not be in geosynchronous Continued l 10 MW satellite delivering microwave power – Will not be in geosynchronous](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-34.jpg)
![Power to Mobile Devices l l If microwave beams carrying power could be beamed Power to Mobile Devices l l If microwave beams carrying power could be beamed](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-35.jpg)
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-36.jpg)
![Low Orbit l l l Communications industry proposing to have hundreds of satellites in Low Orbit l l l Communications industry proposing to have hundreds of satellites in](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-37.jpg)
![Continued l l l Since a low orbit microwave beam would spread less, the Continued l l l Since a low orbit microwave beam would spread less, the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-38.jpg)
![Issues l Would require a network of hundreds of satellites – l Air Force Issues l Would require a network of hundreds of satellites – l Air Force](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-39.jpg)
![Reliability l l Ground based solar only works during clear days, and must have Reliability l l Ground based solar only works during clear days, and must have](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-40.jpg)
![Legal Issues l l l Who will oversee? Environmental Concerns International Legal Issues l l l Who will oversee? Environmental Concerns International](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-41.jpg)
![NASA l l l Funding the research In charge of space flight for the NASA l l l Funding the research In charge of space flight for the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-42.jpg)
![FCC l Federal Communications Commission – The FCC was established by the Communications Act FCC l Federal Communications Commission – The FCC was established by the Communications Act](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-43.jpg)
![Environmental l Possible health hazards – – l Effects of long term exposure Exposure Environmental l Possible health hazards – – l Effects of long term exposure Exposure](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-44.jpg)
![International l Geosynchronous satellites would take up large sections of space Interference with communication International l Geosynchronous satellites would take up large sections of space Interference with communication](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-45.jpg)
![Conclusions l l More reliable than ground based solar power In order for SPS Conclusions l l More reliable than ground based solar power In order for SPS](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-46.jpg)
- Slides: 46
![Solar Power Satellites and Microwave Power Transmission Andrew K Soubel Energy Law Spring 2004 Solar Power Satellites and Microwave Power Transmission Andrew K. Soubel Energy Law Spring 2004](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-1.jpg)
Solar Power Satellites and Microwave Power Transmission Andrew K. Soubel Energy Law Spring 2004 Chicago-Kent College of Law soubel@msn. com
![Outline l l l Background Solar Power Satellite Microwave Power Transmission Current Designs Legal Outline l l l Background Solar Power Satellite Microwave Power Transmission Current Designs Legal](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-2.jpg)
Outline l l l Background Solar Power Satellite Microwave Power Transmission Current Designs Legal Issues Conclusion
![Background 1899 1990 Background 1899 -1990](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-3.jpg)
Background 1899 -1990
![Nikola Tesla l l 1856 1943 Innovations Alternating current Wireless power transmission Nikola Tesla l l 1856 -1943 Innovations: – Alternating current – Wireless power transmission](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-4.jpg)
Nikola Tesla l l 1856 -1943 Innovations: – Alternating current – Wireless power transmission experiments at Wardenclyffe
![Wardenclyffe l 1899 Able to light lamps over 25 miles away without using Wardenclyffe l 1899 – Able to light lamps over 25 miles away without using](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-5.jpg)
Wardenclyffe l 1899 – Able to light lamps over 25 miles away without using wires – High frequency current, of a Tesla coil, could light lamps filled with gas (like neon)
![1940s to Present l l World War II developed ability to convert energy to 1940’s to Present l l World War II developed ability to convert energy to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-6.jpg)
1940’s to Present l l World War II developed ability to convert energy to microwaves using a magnetron, no method for converting microwaves back to electricity 1964 William C. Brown demonstrated a rectenna which could convert microwave power to electricity
![Brief History of Solar Power l l l 1940 50s Development of the Photovoltaic Brief History of Solar Power l l l 1940 -50’s Development of the Photovoltaic](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-7.jpg)
Brief History of Solar Power l l l 1940 -50’s Development of the Photovoltaic cell 1958 First US Satellite that used Solar Power 1970’s Oil embargo brought increased interest and study
![Solar Power from Satellites l 1968s idea for Solar Power Satellites proposed by Peter Solar Power from Satellites l 1968’s idea for Solar Power Satellites proposed by Peter](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-8.jpg)
Solar Power from Satellites l 1968’s idea for Solar Power Satellites proposed by Peter Glaser – l Would use microwaves to transmit power to Earth from Solar Powered Satellites Idea gained momentum during the Oil Crises of 1970’s, but after prices stabilized idea was dropped – US Department of Energy research program 19781981
![Details of the DOE Study l Construct the satellites in space l l Details of the DOE Study l Construct the satellites in space – l l](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-9.jpg)
Details of the DOE Study l Construct the satellites in space – l l Each SPS would have 400 million solar cells Use the Space Shuttle to get pieces to a low orbit station Tow pieces to the assembly point using a purpose built space tug (similar to space shuttle)
![Advantages over Earth based solar power l l l More intense sunlight In geosynchronous Advantages over Earth based solar power l l l More intense sunlight In geosynchronous](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-10.jpg)
Advantages over Earth based solar power l l l More intense sunlight In geosynchronous orbit, 36, 000 km (22, 369 miles) an SPS would be illuminated over 99% of the time No need for costly storage devices for when the sun is not in view – Only a few days at spring and fall equinox would the satellite be in shadow
![Continued l l l Waste heat is radiated back into space Power can be Continued l l l Waste heat is radiated back into space Power can be](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-11.jpg)
Continued l l l Waste heat is radiated back into space Power can be beamed to the location where it is needed, don’t have to invest in as large a grid No air or water pollution is created during generation
![Problems l Issues identified during the DOE study Complexity 30 years to complete Problems l Issues identified during the DOE study – Complexity— 30 years to complete](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-12.jpg)
Problems l Issues identified during the DOE study – Complexity— 30 years to complete – Size— 6. 5 miles long by 3. 3 miles wide l Transmitting antenna ½ mile in diameter(1 km)
![Continued l l Costprototype would have cost 74 billion Microwave transmission Interference Continued l l Cost—prototype would have cost $74 billion Microwave transmission – – Interference](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-13.jpg)
Continued l l Cost—prototype would have cost $74 billion Microwave transmission – – Interference with other electronic devices Health and environmental effects
![1980s to Present l l Japanese continued to study the idea of SPS throughout 1980’s to Present l l Japanese continued to study the idea of SPS throughout](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-14.jpg)
1980’s to Present l l Japanese continued to study the idea of SPS throughout the 1980’s In 1995 NASA began a Fresh Look Study – Set up a research, technology, and investment schedule
![NASA Fresh Look Report l l SPS could be competitive with other energy sources NASA Fresh Look Report l l SPS could be competitive with other energy sources](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-15.jpg)
NASA Fresh Look Report l l SPS could be competitive with other energy sources and deserves further study Research aimed at an SPS system of 250 MW Would cost around $10 billion and take 20 years National Research Council found the research worthwhile but under funded to achieve its goals
![Specifications l l Collector area must be between 50 19 sq miles and 150 Specifications l l Collector area must be between 50 (19 sq miles) and 150](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-16.jpg)
Specifications l l Collector area must be between 50 (19 sq miles) and 150 square kilometers (57 sq miles) 50 Tons of material – Current rates on the Space Shuttle run between $3500 and $5000 per pound – 50 tons (112, 000 lbs)=$392, 000
![Continued l l There advantages Possible power generation of 5 to 10 gigawatts Continued l l There advantages Possible power generation of 5 to 10 gigawatts –](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-17.jpg)
Continued l l There advantages Possible power generation of 5 to 10 gigawatts – “If the largest conceivable space power station were built and operated 24 hours a day all year round, it could produce the equivalent output of ten 1 million kilowattclass nuclear power stations. ”
![Possible Designs Possible Designs](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-18.jpg)
Possible Designs
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-19.jpg)
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-20.jpg)
![Deployment Issues l l Cost of transporting materials into space Construction of satellite Deployment Issues l l Cost of transporting materials into space Construction of satellite –](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-21.jpg)
Deployment Issues l l Cost of transporting materials into space Construction of satellite – l Space Walks Maintenance – – Routine Meteor impacts
![Possible Solutions l l l International Space Station Presidents plan for a return to Possible Solutions l l l International Space Station President’s plan for a return to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-22.jpg)
Possible Solutions l l l International Space Station President’s plan for a return to the moon Either could be used as a base for construction activities
![Microwave Power Transmission How the power gets to Earth Microwave Power Transmission How the power gets to Earth](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-23.jpg)
Microwave Power Transmission How the power gets to Earth
![From the Satellite Solar power from the satellite is sent to Earth using a From the Satellite Solar power from the satellite is sent to Earth using a](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-24.jpg)
From the Satellite Solar power from the satellite is sent to Earth using a microwave transmitter l Received at a “rectenna” located on Earth l Recent developments suggest that power could be sent to Earth using a laser l
![Microwaves Frequency 2 45 GHz microwave beam l Retro directive beam control capability l Microwaves Frequency 2. 45 GHz microwave beam l Retro directive beam control capability l](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-25.jpg)
Microwaves Frequency 2. 45 GHz microwave beam l Retro directive beam control capability l Power level is well below international safety standard l
![Microwave vs Laser Transmission l Microwave More developed High efficiency up to Microwave vs. Laser Transmission l Microwave – – More developed High efficiency up to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-26.jpg)
Microwave vs. Laser Transmission l Microwave – – More developed High efficiency up to 85% Beams is far below the lethal levels of concentration even for a prolonged exposure Cause interference with satellite communication industry l Laser – – – Recently developed solid state lasers allow efficient transfer of power Range of 10% to 20% efficiency within a few years Conform to limits on eye and skin damage
![Rectenna An antenna comprising a mesh of dipoles and diodes for absorbing microwave energy Rectenna “An antenna comprising a mesh of dipoles and diodes for absorbing microwave energy](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-27.jpg)
Rectenna “An antenna comprising a mesh of dipoles and diodes for absorbing microwave energy from a transmitter and converting it into electric power. ” Microwaves are received with about 85% efficiency l Around 5 km across (3. 1 miles) l 95% of the beam will fall on the rectenna l
![Rectenna Design l Currently there are two different design types being looked at Rectenna Design l Currently there are two different design types being looked at –](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-28.jpg)
Rectenna Design l Currently there are two different design types being looked at – Wire mesh reflector l Built on a rigid frame above the ground l Visually transparent so that it would not interfere with plant life – Magic carpet l Material pegged to the ground
![5 000 MW Receiving Station Rectenna This station is about a mile and a 5, 000 MW Receiving Station (Rectenna). This station is about a mile and a](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-29.jpg)
5, 000 MW Receiving Station (Rectenna). This station is about a mile and a half long.
![Rectenna Issues l l l Size Miles across Location Aesthetic Near Rectenna Issues l l l Size – Miles across Location – Aesthetic – Near](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-30.jpg)
Rectenna Issues l l l Size – Miles across Location – Aesthetic – Near population center Health and environmental side effects – Although claim that microwaves or lasers would be safe, how do you convince people
![Current Developments Current Developments](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-31.jpg)
Current Developments
![SPS 2000 SPS 2000](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-32.jpg)
SPS 2000
![Details l l l Project in Development in Japan Goal is to build a Details l l l Project in Development in Japan Goal is to build a](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-33.jpg)
Details l l l Project in Development in Japan Goal is to build a low cost demonstration model by 2025 8 Countries along the equator have agreed to be the site of a rectenna
![Continued l 10 MW satellite delivering microwave power Will not be in geosynchronous Continued l 10 MW satellite delivering microwave power – Will not be in geosynchronous](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-34.jpg)
Continued l 10 MW satellite delivering microwave power – Will not be in geosynchronous orbit, instead low orbit 1100 km (683 miles) – Much cheaper to put a satellite in low orbit – 200 seconds of power on each pass over rectenna
![Power to Mobile Devices l l If microwave beams carrying power could be beamed Power to Mobile Devices l l If microwave beams carrying power could be beamed](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-35.jpg)
Power to Mobile Devices l l If microwave beams carrying power could be beamed uniformly over the earth they could power cell phones Biggest problem is that the antenna would have to be 25 -30 cm square
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-36.jpg)
![Low Orbit l l l Communications industry proposing to have hundreds of satellites in Low Orbit l l l Communications industry proposing to have hundreds of satellites in](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-37.jpg)
Low Orbit l l l Communications industry proposing to have hundreds of satellites in low earth orbit These satellites will use microwaves to beam communications to the ground Could also be used to beam power
![Continued l l l Since a low orbit microwave beam would spread less the Continued l l l Since a low orbit microwave beam would spread less, the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-38.jpg)
Continued l l l Since a low orbit microwave beam would spread less, the ground based rectenna could be smaller Would allow collectors on the ground of a few hundred meters across instead of 10 kilometers In low orbit they circle the Earth in about every 90 minutes
![Issues l Would require a network of hundreds of satellites l Air Force Issues l Would require a network of hundreds of satellites – l Air Force](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-39.jpg)
Issues l Would require a network of hundreds of satellites – l Air Force currently track 8500 man made objects in space, 7% satellites Would make telecommunications companies into power companies
![Reliability l l Ground based solar only works during clear days and must have Reliability l l Ground based solar only works during clear days, and must have](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-40.jpg)
Reliability l l Ground based solar only works during clear days, and must have storage for night Power can be beamed to the location where it is needed, don’t have to invest in as large a grid l A network of low orbit satellites could provide power to almost any point on Earth continuously because one satellite would always be in range
![Legal Issues l l l Who will oversee Environmental Concerns International Legal Issues l l l Who will oversee? Environmental Concerns International](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-41.jpg)
Legal Issues l l l Who will oversee? Environmental Concerns International
![NASA l l l Funding the research In charge of space flight for the NASA l l l Funding the research In charge of space flight for the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-42.jpg)
NASA l l l Funding the research In charge of space flight for the United States Would be launching the satellites and doing maintenance
![FCC l Federal Communications Commission The FCC was established by the Communications Act FCC l Federal Communications Commission – The FCC was established by the Communications Act](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-43.jpg)
FCC l Federal Communications Commission – The FCC was established by the Communications Act of 1934 and is charged with regulating interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite and cable.
![Environmental l Possible health hazards l Effects of long term exposure Exposure Environmental l Possible health hazards – – l Effects of long term exposure Exposure](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-44.jpg)
Environmental l Possible health hazards – – l Effects of long term exposure Exposure is equal to the amount that people receive from cell phones and microwaves Location – The size of construction for the rectennas is massive
![International l Geosynchronous satellites would take up large sections of space Interference with communication International l Geosynchronous satellites would take up large sections of space Interference with communication](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-45.jpg)
International l Geosynchronous satellites would take up large sections of space Interference with communication satellites Low orbit satellites would require agreements about rectenna locations and flight paths
![Conclusions l l More reliable than ground based solar power In order for SPS Conclusions l l More reliable than ground based solar power In order for SPS](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/61aa9fbaeb77b22ef4cfdf513b082408/image-46.jpg)
Conclusions l l More reliable than ground based solar power In order for SPS to become a reality it several things have to happen: – – – Government support Cheaper launch prices Involvement of the private sector
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Line of sight propagation
Satellite microwave transmission
What is this picture
Exhibition for satellites
Blood spatter satellites
Natural satellite of earth
Satellites in orbit around earth continually fall toward
San diego sms satellites
Whosale solar
An inexhaustible source of energy
Air ionization in wireless power transmission
Wireless power transmission project report doc
Pneumatic power transmission
Dispersive power of grating increase with
Power transmission apparatus
Introduction of wireless power transmission
Power failure andrew forster 2007
Active power reactive power apparent power
Vhf uhf and microwave antennas
Microwave path alignment kit
Neural networks for rf and microwave design
Active and passive components in microwave
R=zcosθ
Microwave antenna theory and design
Microwave antenna theory and design
"solar power calculation"
Abc solar power
Disadvanteges of solar energy
Northside solar power
Neo solar power
Wind energy is indirect form of
Concentrate solar power
Solar power paige
500 kwp solar power plant
Gst notification on solar power generating system
Albany movement
Microwave wpt
Therapeutic equipments
Microwave simulation software
Advantage gps
Adam ekt eva
Micrwave
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Microwave assisted extraction
Maser vs laser
Frequency range of television