SOL Preparation for World History Getting ready for

SOL Preparation for World History

Getting ready for the SOL l. There are less than 80 questions on the SOL Exam l. They are multiple choice questions l. Some include maps & graphs

l. You have unlimited time in which to complete the test l. Answer all questions, leave no question unanswered l. The secret is in preparation, what is important to know

l. People and events shape our history l. We will identify as many important people and events as possible in order to be prepared to respond successfully on the SOL

Let’s Begin l. Be sure to use a highlighter to identify key information l. Make notes and page references to you text book to access more details

l. Follow the slides and link the person or event with important knowledge l. The slides, like the test follow a chronological sequence l. We will do a practice test when we have finished

5 Great World Religions l. Judaism l. Christianity l. Islam l. Hinduism l. Buddhism

Christianity and Islam l 2 largest religions of the world l. Christianity- Jesus & the Bible l. Islam- Allah &the Koran, the prophet Mohammed. 5 Pillars of Faith l. Mono-theistic religions l. Life after death or heaven

Geographical distribution of world’s major religions l. Judaism (in Israel & North America) l. Christianity (Europe, North & South America) l. Islam (Middle East, Africa, & Asia) l. Hinduism (Concentrated in India) l. Buddhism (East and Southeast Asia)

World Religions

Renaissance l. Not since the times of Greece and Rome, had there been such a period of magnificence…the Dark Ages lasted for 800 years until the great wealth created by trade led to a period known as the Renaissance

l. Salvation by Martin Luther faith alone l. Bible is ultimate authority l. All humans equal before God

l Pre-destination John Calvin l. Faith revealed by living a righteous life, work ethic l. Expansion of the Protest Church

Reformation (rise of Capitalism) l. At first the Reformation divided countries of Europe l. Religious intolerance led to war l. Gradually, religious toleration emerged, but first came the Counter Reformation of the Catholic Church

Edict of Nantes l. Allows religious freedom to flourish in France l 1 st example of religious toleration, ideas will spread across Europe over the next few hundred years

Henry VIII of England l. Reformation led by a Monarch l. Creates the Church of England

Johannes Gutenberg

Leonardo da Vinci

Laws of Planetary Motion l. Copernicus (heliocentric theory) to Kepler (LPM) to Galileo l. Sun is the center of the universe

Galileo l. Proves Kepler’s work l. His ideas rock the Catholic Church l. Used telescope

Spanish Armada

William Shakespeare and the Globe Theater

European thinkers express new ideas l. Age of Enlightenment brought together ideas of the Renaissance & the Scientific Revolution l. New attitudes are shaped about society and individuals

The Enlightenment l. Applied reason to the human world, not just the natural world l. Stimulated religious tolerance l. Fueled democratic revolution around the world

Voltaire l. Religious toleration should triumph over religious fanaticism: the separation of church and state

Columbian Exchange

Diseases l. Disease kills a large segment of the indigenous population of America

Spanish in America l. The Spanish conquest of the Americas reflect the influence of Spain on language, customs, & culture on another people l. God, Glory, and Gold lslavery

Civilization of Africa l. Ghana- gold and salt l. European trading post along coast l. Slave trade

Plantation System l. Agricultural system in the South. Cash crops like tobacco & cotton fuel slavery

Mercantilism l. An economic practice adopted by European colonial powers in an effort to become selfsufficient; based on theory that colonies existed for the benefit of the mother country

Declaration of Independence July 4, 1776 - Philadelphia

Absolutism l. Divine Right Theory – power given to a King by God l. This concept will clash with the ideas of the new modern philosophers of the 1600’s

Louis XIV & Peter the Great Absolute Monarchs l Louis XIV l. Peter The Great

Glorious Revolution l. A “bloodless” revolution l. Greater power of Parliament in England l. An example of shared power of the monarch and the people l. American & French Revolution l. Napoleon- Codes

James Watt improves the Steam Engine

Transportation l. Locomotive is an important form of transportation that changes life in Europe l. Robert Fulton’s steamboat speeds ocean travel l. Commerce & Communication is enhanced (food supply improves)

Henry Bessemer l. Process to make steel l. Steel is cheaper to produce

People whose ideas and inventions change the world l. Sir Isaac Newton l. Eli Whitney l. Henry Bessemer Match their breakthroughs l. Louis Pasteur l. Edward Jenner l. Karl Marx

Isaac Newton l. Theory of Gravity l. Laws of Motion

Writers advocate liberty and reason Adam Smith, 1776 writes The Wealth of Nations, explains a free economy & Laissez Faire policies Law of Self Interest-competition & supply and demand

Factories

Mercantilism Food supply

Congress of Vienna

“The Sword” Giuseppe Garibaldi l l. Fought in the effort to unite Northern and Southern Italy

Otto von Bismarck and German Unification l Led Germany l. Realpolitik all l means are justified to achieve and hold power

Imperialism in Africa Ottoman Empire

Carving up China l. U. S. in China l. Open Door Policy of free trade in China with out conflict

Revolution in Russia l. Rise of Communism led by Lenin…the Soviet Union formed l. Continued by Joseph Stalin l 5 -year plans for agriculture and industry

The Big Four at l. Wilson’s 14 the Treaty of points Versailles l. League of Nations l. War Guilt Clause l. World-wide depression follows WW I

Manhattan Project & the Atomic Bomb l. Project to develop the atomic bomb in New Mexico

World War II l. D-Day, Europe is liberated l. Island hopping across the Pacific l. Marshall Plan to rebuild Europe l. Mac. Arthur rebuilds Japan

Cold War l. The Berlin Airlift l. The Marshall Plan l. Truman Doctrine – policy of containment l. NATO & Warsaw Pact l. Berlin Wall erected in 1961

English domination of India ends after World War II l. Gandhi & the idea of civil disobedience frees India of British rule after 200 years

Communist Leaders l. Stalin leads Soviet Union l. Mao rules China l. Split

l. Spy planes discover that the soviets have placed missiles in Cuba (1962) l. Kennedy orders a blockade l. Soviets agreed to remove missiles if the U. S. would agree not to invade Cuba and if they removed missiles from Turkey

United Nations

Apartheid l. Apartheid, policy of racial segregation formerly followed in South Africa. The word apartheid means “separateness” in the Afrikaans language.

Fall of the Soviet Union l 1989, satellite nations forced democratic elections l. Berlin Wall comes down l. East & West Germany reunited

World’s Hot Spots The Middle East l. Persian Gulf l. Ongoing Middle East conflict l. Oil l. OPEC

European Common Market l. Progress toward greater unity among the 12 member states of the European Community was mixed during 1991. Nevertheless, leaders of the member states, at a summit meeting in Maastricht, the Netherlands, in December, succeeded in agreeing on two treaties that committed them to monetary union by the end of the decade and gave the Community a clear political profile for the first time.

World Geography

Geographic features l. Rivers l. Mountains l. Oceans l. How they influence world history