Soils HDM Chapter 9 All pictures from HDM

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Soils - HDM Chapter 9 All pictures from HDM Ch 9

Soils - HDM Chapter 9 All pictures from HDM Ch 9

Subsurface Sampling Test Pit Probe Hole (probe—no samples; does it hit an obstruction) Auger

Subsurface Sampling Test Pit Probe Hole (probe—no samples; does it hit an obstruction) Auger Split Spoon Sampling Undisturbed Sampling

Subsurface Exploration Split spoon sampling

Subsurface Exploration Split spoon sampling

Subsurface Exploration Undisturbed sampling

Subsurface Exploration Undisturbed sampling

Other Rock Core Drilling Observation well Geophysical exploration Cone penetrometer Retractable plug sampling Falling-weight

Other Rock Core Drilling Observation well Geophysical exploration Cone penetrometer Retractable plug sampling Falling-weight deflectometer (soil strength under pavt)

Alignment from Geotechnical POV Fill of 2 -3 m: Spans irregularities Free of drainage

Alignment from Geotechnical POV Fill of 2 -3 m: Spans irregularities Free of drainage problems Avoid skim fills Cuts: Avoid skim cuts Avoid groundwater Avoid side hill cuts

Unsuitable Material Peat, muck, topsoil, sod (organics) Landfill, industrial waste Sludge Removed and replaced

Unsuitable Material Peat, muck, topsoil, sod (organics) Landfill, industrial waste Sludge Removed and replaced with suitable material

Soil Issues Settlement Slope Stability Rock Cuts Excavation Protection and Support Design of Spoil

Soil Issues Settlement Slope Stability Rock Cuts Excavation Protection and Support Design of Spoil Sites Optional Borrow Areas Geotextiles

Settlement Reduce profile Lightweight fill Surcharge Sand drains Wick drains

Settlement Reduce profile Lightweight fill Surcharge Sand drains Wick drains

Stability Lower profile Stabilizing berm Benching Staged Construction Retaining Wall Geofabrics

Stability Lower profile Stabilizing berm Benching Staged Construction Retaining Wall Geofabrics

Rock Cuts Wire Mesh Rock buttress Fence

Rock Cuts Wire Mesh Rock buttress Fence

Excavation Protection and Support

Excavation Protection and Support

Spoil Sites Burning of solid waste is prohibited Design so that excess material (not

Spoil Sites Burning of solid waste is prohibited Design so that excess material (not marketable or recyclable) is used in the existing right-of-way

Optional Borrow Areas Identify borrow areas within existing right-of-way

Optional Borrow Areas Identify borrow areas within existing right-of-way

Geotextiles Bedding/Separation/Drainage/Slope Protection/Stabilization Class I (strongest) to Class III (least strong) Woven and Non.

Geotextiles Bedding/Separation/Drainage/Slope Protection/Stabilization Class I (strongest) to Class III (least strong) Woven and Non. Woven

Externally Stabilized Anchored Walls Anchored to earth or bedrock Deadman anchors Grouted tiebacks Soldier

Externally Stabilized Anchored Walls Anchored to earth or bedrock Deadman anchors Grouted tiebacks Soldier Pile and Lagging Piles at set intervals Lagging placed between piles Sheeting Driven to a certain depth Usually steel

Soldier Pile and Lagging

Soldier Pile and Lagging

Sheeting Wall

Sheeting Wall

Internally Stabilized Rely on reinforced mass of soil Not appropriate if access to underground

Internally Stabilized Rely on reinforced mass of soil Not appropriate if access to underground utilities is needed 1. Mechanically Stabilized Earth Systems (MSES) 2. Geosynthetic Reinforced Earth Systems (GRES) 3. Soil Nailing 4. Gravity and Cantilever Walls CIP or Precast Gabions Mechanically Stabilized Segmental Block

Evergreen Wall

Evergreen Wall

T-Wall

T-Wall

Foundations Drilled Shaft Driven Piles Micropiles

Foundations Drilled Shaft Driven Piles Micropiles

Soil Maps GIS accessible maps are at http: //websoilsurvey. nrcs. usda. gov/app/ Hints: AOI

Soil Maps GIS accessible maps are at http: //websoilsurvey. nrcs. usda. gov/app/ Hints: AOI (polygon; double click to end) Soil Data Explorer Soil Properties and Qualities Soil Qualities and Features Hydrologic Soil Group View Rating Printable Version 24

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