SOIL Session 25 Ciencias de la Tierra II
- Slides: 24
SOIL (Session 25) Ciencias de la Tierra II
Formation of ground • The material by which the ground is formed are rocks. • The factors that promote the formation of the ground are: – Wind and rain – Changes in tempreature – Chemical elements from the environment (acids and bases) – Lichens, mosses, ferns – Complex Vegetable. Ciencias organisms. de la Tierra II
Formation of ground Ciencias de la Tierra II
Discussion Question • Is the ground a resource that renovates or not? Ciencias de la Tierra II
Discussion Question • Is the ground a resource that renovates or not? – It takes hundreds of years to form a layer that is 1 cm thick. Ciencias de la Tierra II
Discussion question • Is soil a biotic or abiotic element? Ciencias de la Tierra II
Discussion question • Is soil a biotic or abiotic element? – Soil contains many micro and macroorganisms that are basic for their structure and functioning. – the fertility of soil depends on these organism. Ciencias de la Tierra II
Di. Spezio, M. et al. (1999) Biotic Components of soil Organism Bacteria Número por m² 2. 6 x 1014 fungus 8 x 1012 seaweed 3 x 1010 Protozoa 7 x 1012 Nemátodes 250, 000 Insecta 100, 000 Acarids 50, 000 Cactus 4 x 1013 Ciencias de la Tierra II
Nebel, B. et al. (1998) Ciencias de la Tierra II
Ecosystems in normal conditions… the layered vegetables generate a natural equilibrium between formation of soil and loss of it, therefore we must consider layered vegetables as biotic components of soil. Ciencias de la Tierra II
Abiotic Components of soil • • Fragments od rock Sand Clay Minerals Acids, bases and salts Decomposed organic material (humus) Air Water Ciencias de la Tierra II
Property of soil • • Form of particles Size of particles Fertility, content of organic material and minerals Acid level Di. Spezio, M. et al. (1999) Ciencias de la Tierra II
Di. Spezio, M. et al. (1999) Profile of soil Generally on the top layer you find plants and animals that have not been decomposed. A B Beneath horizont C you find the father rock unlatered. Ciencias de la Tierra II C
Types of soil • Based on the characteristics that they present and goegrphical distribution there are 7 types: – – – – Forest soil Prairie soil Soil on hills Desert soil Mountain soil Tundra soil Tropical soil Ciencias de la Tierra II
Di. Spezio, M. et al. (1999) Forest soils Ciencias de la Tierra II
Di. Spezio, M. et al. (1999) Prairy soil Ciencias de la Tierra II
Di. Spezio, M. et al. (1999) Soil appropriate for cattle Ciencias de la Tierra II
Di. Spezio, M. et al. (1999) Desert soil Ciencias de la Tierra II
Di. Spezio, M. et al. (1999) Mountain Soil Ciencias de la Tierra II
Di. Spezio, M. et al. (1999) Tundra soil Ciencias de la Tierra II
Di. Spezio, M. et al. (1999) Tropical soil Ciencias de la Tierra II
Importance of soil • It is a linking element between biotic and abiotic organism. • Allows the production of bio-mass (food and energy). • Participates in hydrolic cycles. • Fixation of energy. • Biodiversity • Cushions climatic changes. Ciencias de la Tierra II
Bibliography • Di. Spezio, M. et al. (1999). Science Insights: Exploring Earth and Space. 1 era ed. Estados Unidos de América: Prentice Hall. • Nebel, B. et al. (1999). Environmental Science. 6 ta ed. Estados Unidos de América: Prentice Hall. Ciencias de la Tierra II
Bibliografía • Enkerlin, E. et al. (1997). Environment Science and Sustainable Development. 1 st ed. Mexico: Editorial Thomson Editors. Ciencias de la Tierra II