Soil pollution SOIL POLLUTION Contamination of soil by

Soil pollution

SOIL POLLUTION Contamination of soil by human and natural activities which cause harmful effects on living beings

Sources of soil pollution Industrial wastes Urban wastes Agricultural wastes Radioactive pollutants Biological agents

Industrial wastes Paper mills Chemical industries Tanneries Textiles Oil refineries Fertilizers Pesticides Coal & mineral mining industries & so on

Effects Alters the biological properties of soil Disturbs human food chain Serious effects on human life

Urban wastes Sources Plastics Glasses Garbage and rubbish materials Rubber Street sweepings Fuel residues Discarded manufactured products Effects Nondegradables harm the environment

Agricultural practices Sources üModern agricultural methods üUse of fertilizers üPesticides üHerbicide üWeedicides üFarm waste üDebris üEroded soil containing inorganic chemicals

Radioactive pollution Sources üExplosions of nuclear dusts üRadioactive wastes Effects üaccumulates thereby creates soil pollution

Typical examples of radioactive pollution ØRadio nuclides of Th, U, K, C ØExplosion of nuclear weapons ØNuclear reactor wastes like Ru, I, Ba, La Cs etc. , Effects ØRain water carries the harmful wastes into the soil ØNuclear wastes emits gamma radiations

Biological Agents Source ØHuman excreta ØAnimal excreta ØBird’s excreta

CHARACTERISTICS OF UNTREATED WASTES OF CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES S. N INDUSTRY O CHARACTERISTICS ORGANIC INDUSTRY SUSPENDED SOLIDS, BOD, COD, HIGH TEMPERATURE 1 PAPER 2 RUBBER 3 4 OIL ACIDS, ALKALIS, PHENOLS ANTIBIOTI TOXIC CHEMICALS CS 5 DRUG CHLORIDES, HIGH BOD SUSPENDED ORGANIC MATTER INCLUDING VITAMINS

S. NO INDUSTRY CHARACTERISTICS 6 DISTILLERY HIGH COD, LOW p. H, N, K 7 CHEMICAL TOXIC COMPOUNDS, PHENOLS INORGANIC INDUSTRY 1 THERMAL POWER PLANT HEAVY METALS, INORGANIC COMPUNDS 2 STEEL MILLS ACIDS, PHENOLS, ALKALI, CYANIDES, IRON SALTS, ORES 3 COTTON INDUSTRY SODIUM, ORGANIC MATTER, COLOUR, HIGH PH 4 METAL PLATING METALLICS, TOXIC CYANIDES, Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu, Al AND LOW PH 5 TANNERIES Ca, Cr, HIGH SALT CONTENT

CONTROL OF SOIL POLLUTION

1. CONTROL OF SOIL EROSION üTREE PLANTING üVARYING CROPPING METHODS üSUBSTITUTING ANIMAL MANURES INSTEAD OF CHEMICAL MANURE

2. CONTROL OF UNWANTED MATERIALS üPROPER DUMPING OF UNWANTED WASTES üCONSTRUCTIONS CAN BE CARRIED OVER DUMPED FIELD

OTHER METHODS TO CONTROL SOIL POLLUTION üPRODUCTION OF NATURAL FERTILIZERS üPROPER HYGIENIC CONDITION üPUBLIC AWARENESS üRECYCLING & REUSE OF WASTES üBAN ON TOXIC CHEMICALS