Soil Agriculture Toxicology Review Soil Importance Function How

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Soil, Agriculture, Toxicology Review

Soil, Agriculture, Toxicology Review

Soil � Importance? � Function � How formed � What factors influence formation and/or

Soil � Importance? � Function � How formed � What factors influence formation and/or properties � Particle size � Which soil type is best for farming � Qualities /properties: sand, silt, clay � Porosity/permeability � Leaching? � Nutrients: 3 macronutrients? � p. H � Erosion � feel/texture � Soil triangle � What does color indicate

Soil Profiles �Describe each horizon/layer

Soil Profiles �Describe each horizon/layer

Soil Biomes �Describe soil in following biomes � Desert � Grassland/Praire � Tropical Rainforest

Soil Biomes �Describe soil in following biomes � Desert � Grassland/Praire � Tropical Rainforest � Taiga/Coniferous/Boreal/Evergreen forest � Deciduous/Temperate Forest

Hunger �Causes �Strategies to combat �Golden Rice �Main sources of calories worldwide �Increasing meat

Hunger �Causes �Strategies to combat �Golden Rice �Main sources of calories worldwide �Increasing meat consumption �Maximize calories � Trophic level �Feed lots & Aquaculture � Benefits / problems

Agriculture � Describe, benefits, problems � Traditional / Subsistence farming � Industrial / Conventional

Agriculture � Describe, benefits, problems � Traditional / Subsistence farming � Industrial / Conventional farming � Organic Farming � Genetic diversity � Seed banks � Green Revolution � GMO � Pros / cons � Irrigation � Types, problems � Salinization � waterlog

Conservation �Conservation practices � Contour, terracing, strip, shelterbelt, cover crop, no till, polyculture, intercropping,

Conservation �Conservation practices � Contour, terracing, strip, shelterbelt, cover crop, no till, polyculture, intercropping, agro forestry, crop rotation, buffer zones �Erosion �Desertification �Fertilizers � Organic / synthetic

Pest management � Pesticides � Benefits / problems � Resistance � Pesticide treadmill �

Pest management � Pesticides � Benefits / problems � Resistance � Pesticide treadmill � Bioaccumlation / biomagnification � IPM � Describe / Goal � Rachel Carson � DDT � EPA � US Laws � FIFRA (Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, & Rodenticide Act) � FFDCA (Federal Food, Drug, & Cosmetic Act) � FQPA (Food Quality Protection Act) � Stockholm Convention � Dirty dozen

Toxicology �LD 50 �Risk � Developed � Developing �Toxicity factors �Children risk factor �Antibiotic

Toxicology �LD 50 �Risk � Developed � Developing �Toxicity factors �Children risk factor �Antibiotic resistanc �Synergistic / antagonistic

Hazards �Biological � Infectious diseases: � Species barrier �Chemical � Mutagens, carcinogens, teratogens, neurotoxins

Hazards �Biological � Infectious diseases: � Species barrier �Chemical � Mutagens, carcinogens, teratogens, neurotoxins � Endocrine disrupters: BPA (bisphenol A, phthalates) � Bhopal, India �Cultural