SOHO OVERVIEW B Klecker MaxPlanckInstitut fr extraterrestrische Physik

SOHO OVERVIEW B. Klecker Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, 85740 Garching, Germany Kennebunkport, MN June 9, 2010

OVERVIEW • The Beginning: SOHO & CLUSTER, the First Cornerstone of ESA’s Horizon 2000 Program • SOHO Instruments & Observations • Present Status and Future Operations • SOHO Bibliometrics • Public Access to SOHO Data / Archive

HORIZON 2000 PROGRAM CORNERSTONE 1: SOHO & CLUSTER SOlar and Heliospheric Observatory Investigation of the Sun, SEPs, Solar Wind Launch: 2 December 1995 CLUSTER Multispacecraft Mission with 4 S/C with identical Instrumentation Launch Attempt with Ariane 5 01: 19963 Repeat with 2 Soyuz in 2000

SOHO INSTRUMENTS • • CDS (Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer) CELIAS (Charge, Element, and Isotope Analysis System COSTEP (Comprehensive Suprathermal and Energetic Particle Analyzer) EIT (Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Telescope), ERNE (Energetic and Relativistic Nuclei and Electron experiment) GOLF (Global Oscillations at Low Frequencies) LASCO (Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph) MDI/SOI (Michelson Doppler Imager/Solar Oscillations Investigation) • SUMER (Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation) • SWAN (Solar Wind Anisotropies) • UVCS (Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer) • VIRGO (Variability of Solar Irradiance and Gravity Oscillations) • In-Situ

SOHO OBSERVATIONS: UVCS Serendipity: Sungrazing Comets More than 1000 Sungrazig Comets Observed Comet Outgassing Evidence for dust sublimation in UVCS Spectra • Derived outgassing rates of 0. 7 - 3. 9 x 106 g/s (Si) and 1. 7 - 15 x 104 g/s (C) • If the Si atoms originate in the evaporation of molecules of forsterite or olivine, mass loss rate from dust is ~ 4 - 50 x 106 g/s • All grains < 12 cm in diameter likely to evaporate in < 10 min at observed distance of 3. 37 solar radii Ciaravella et al. , 2010

SOHO OBSERVATIONS: MDI HELIOSEISMOLOGY - Access to the Solar Interior R/RS Zhao et al, 2009 Longitudinal Average Latitudinal Average 2 D Inversion results for the sound speed perturbation near the tachoclyne; Making the Transition between radiation zone and convection zone visible

SOHO OBSERVATIONS: VIRGO Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) TSI Open Magnetic Flux TSI and Br SOHO Senior Review 2010

SOHO EIT Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope Active Regions at the Sun and their relation to SEPs EIT SEP Intensity-Time Profiles

COROTATING INTERACTION REGIONS (CIRs) Events Related to High Speed Streams from Coronal Holes (UVCS) In the Ecliptic: High Speed Streams from Mid and Low Latitude Coronal Holes 9

SOHO CDS Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer Investigating the Solar Atmosphere EIT FOV • Elemental abundances from line intensities • Magnetoacoustic waves in the transition region and corona Using simultaneous CDS measurements of oscillations in pairs of lines formed at transition region and coronal temperatures, O’Shea et al. (2006) found evidence for outward-propagating waves above the solar poles.

SOHO LASCO Large Angle Spectroscopic Coronograph CME Variability 1996 - 2010 Now more than 1 Solar Cycle Gopalswamy, 2007

ACCELERATION AT INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS CMES, ICMES AND CME-DRIVEN SHOCKS CME SOHO / LASCO ICME Zurbuchen & Richardson, 2006 12

ERNE / COSTEP Energetic & Relativistic Nuclei & Electron experiment / Comprehensive Suprathermal & Energetic Particle analyser • SEPs and their Source • SEP Composition (3 He/4 He)

CELIAS / MTOF Solar Wind Isotopic Composition

PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE OPERATION 2011 and Beyond Present All Instruments are operated ESA: SOHO approved to end of 2012 NASA PLAN Continue LASCO Coronograph (not on SDO) Continue MDI in 2010 for Intercalibration with SDO/HMI (i. e. turn MDI off 2011) FY 2010: Transition from SOHO to ‘Bogart’ FY 2011 and later: Science Funding for US Science Teams phased out.

SOHO BIBLIOMETRICS

PUBLIC ACCESS TO SOHO DATA / ARCHIVE