Software Systems and Application Software Chapter 4 Principles

Software: Systems and Application Software Chapter 4 Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Principles and Learning Objectives • When selecting an operating system, you must consider the current and future needs for application software to meet the needs of the organization. In addition, your choice of a particular operating system must be consistent with your choice of hardware. – Identify & describe the functions of the 2 basic kinds of software. – Outline the role of the operating system & identify the features of several popular operating systems. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Principles and Learning Objectives • Do not develop proprietary application software unless doing so will meet a compelling business need that can provide a competitive advantage. – Discuss how applications software can support personal, workgroup, and enterprise business objectives. – Identify 3 basic approaches to developing applications software and discuss the pros and cons of each. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Principles and Learning Objectives • Choose a programming language whose functional characteristics are appropriate to the task at hand, taking into consideration the skills and experience of the programming staff. – Outline the evolution of programming languages. • The software industry continues to undergo constant change; users need to be aware of recent trends and issues to be effective in their business and personal life. – Differentiate among the five generations of programming languages. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

An Overview of Software • Computer program - sequences of instructions for the computer • Documentation - describes program functions • Systems software - coordinates the activities of hardware & programs • Applications software - helps users solve particular problems Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

The Importance of Software in Business Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Supporting Individual, Group, and Organizational Goals Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Operating Systems Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Operating Systems • • Perform common hardware functions Provide a user interface Provide hardware independence Manage system memory Manage processing Control access to system resources Manage files Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

The Role of the Operating System Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Common Hardware Functions • Accept keyboard input • Store data on disks • Send data to output devices Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

User Interface • Command-based interfaces • Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Hardware Independence Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Memory Management Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Processing Tasks • Multitasking - more than one program can run at a time using a single processor • Time-sharing - multiple users can simultaneously use the resources of a single processor • Scalability - easy adaptation to more users or tasks Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Access to System Resources • Protection against unauthorized access • Logins and passwords Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Personal Computer Operating Systems Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Personal Computer Operating Systems Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Workgroup Operating Systems • • • Netware Windows NT Server 4. 0 Windows 2000 Server Unix Red Hat Linux Mac OS X Server Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Enterprise Operating Systems • IBM’s OS/390 • HP’s MPE/i. X (Multiprogramming Executive with integrated POSIX) • IBM’s z/OS • Linux Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Consumer Appliance Operating Systems • • • Windows CE. NET Mobil Linux Windows XP Embedded Handheld PC Pocket PC Palm OS Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Nokia 7650 Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Utility Programs Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Types and Functions of Applications Software Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Sources of Software Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Comparison of Proprietary and Off-the-Shelf Software Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Personal Application Software Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Personal and Application Software Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Personal and Application Software Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Turbo. Tax Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Quicken Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Word Processing Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Spreadsheet Analysis Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Database Applications Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Graphics Programs Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

On-Line Information Systems Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Software Suite Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Major Components of Leading Software Suites Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Workgroup Application Software • Groupware • Collaborative computing software Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Group Scheduling Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Examples of Enterprise Application Software Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Enterprise Application Software Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Selected Enterprise Resource Vendors Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Programming Languages • Commands and statements combined according to a particular syntax • Different languages have different characteristics Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Programming Languages Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

First-Generation Languages • Machine language • ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Second-Generation Languages • Assembly languages • Assemblers • Symbolic language Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Third-Generation Languages Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Fourth-Generation Languages • 4 GLs • Programs tell the CPU the desired results, not how to get them • Examples: SQL, SAS Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Fifth-Generation Languages • 5 GLs • Uses a visual or graphical development interface to create source language • Examples: Visual Basic, PC COBOL, and Visual C++ Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Object-Oriented Programming Languages • Objects - data and actions that can be performed on the data • Encapsulation - group items into an object • Polymorphism - one procedure can work with multiple objects • Inheritance - an object in a particular class gets attributes of that class Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Object-Oriented Programming Languages Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Software Issues & Trends • • • Software bugs Open source software Software licensing Software upgrades Global software support Antitrust issues for software Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

How to Deal with Software Bugs Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

Summary • Software - consists of programs that control the workings of the computer hardware • Operating system - set of computer programs that controls the computer hardware • Application - software that applies the power of the computer to solve problems and perform specific tasks • Programming languages - provide instructions to a computer to perform some processing activity Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition