Software Systems and Application Software Chapter 3 An

Software: Systems and Application Software Chapter 3

An Overview of Software • Computer program - sequences of instructions for the computer ��������������������������� �� • Documentation - describes program functions �������������� • Systems software - coordinates the activities of hardware & programs ��������������������������� • Applications software - helps users solve particular problems

The Importance of Software in Business

Supporting Individual, Group, and Organizational Goals

Operating Systems �������

Operating Systems ������� • Perform common hardware functions ������������ • Provide a user interface ������������ • Provide hardware independence ����� • Manage system memory ����������� • Manage processing �������� • Control access to system resources ������������ • Manage files �����

The Role of the Operating System

Common Hardware Functions • Accept keyboard input ������������ • Store data on disks �������� • Send data to output devices ������������

User Interface ������� • Command-based interfaces �������������� • Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) �����������

Hardware Independence

Memory Management

Processing Tasks ������� • Multitasking - more than one program can run at a time using a single processor ������ 1 CPU ������� • Time-sharing - multiple users can simultaneously use the resources of a single processor ������������ 1 CPU • Scalability - easy adaptation to more users or tasks �����������

Access to System Resources ���������� • Protection against unauthorized access ������������ • Logins and passwords

Personal Computer Operating Systems

Personal Computer Operating Systems

Workgroup Operating Systems • • • Netware Windows NT Server 4. 0 Windows 2000 Server Unix Red Hat Linux Mac OS X Server

Enterprise Operating Systems • IBM’s OS/390 • HP’s MPE/i. X (Multiprogramming Executive with integrated POSIX) • IBM’s z/OS • Linux

Consumer Appliance Operating Systems • • • Windows CE. NET Mobil Linux Windows XP Embedded Handheld PC Pocket PC Palm OS

Nokia 7650

Utility Programs

Types and Functions of Applications Software ��������

Sources of Software

Comparison of Proprietary and Off-the-Shelf Software

Personal Application Software

Personal and Application Software

Personal and Application Software

Turbo. Tax

Quicken

Word Processing

Spreadsheet Analysis

Database Applications

Graphics Programs

On-Line Information Systems

Software Suite

Major Components of Leading Software Suites

Workgroup Application Software • Groupware • Collaborative computing software

Group Scheduling

Examples of Enterprise Application Software

Enterprise Application Software

Selected Enterprise Resource Vendors

Programming Languages ��������� • Commands and statements combined according to a particular syntax ������������ • Different languages have different characteristics ������������

Programming Languages

First-Generation Languages • Machine language ������ • ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange(

Second-Generation Languages • Assembly languages • Assemblers ����� • Symbolic language �������

Third-Generation Languages

Fourth-Generation Languages • 4 GLs • Programs tell the CPU the desired results, not how to get them ����� CPU ��������� • Examples: SQL, SAS

Fifth-Generation Languages • 5 GLs • Uses a visual or graphical development interface to create source language ��������� ���� • Examples: Visual Basic, PC COBOL, and Visual C++

Object-Oriented Programming Languages • Objects - data and actions that can be performed on the data • Encapsulation - group items into an object ������� • Polymorphism - one procedure can work with multiple objects �������� • Inheritance - an object in a particular class gets attributes of that class �����

Object-Oriented Programming Languages

Software Issues & Trends • • • Software bugs Open source software Software licensing Software upgrades Global software support Antitrust issues for software

How to Deal with Software Bugs

Summary • Software - consists of programs that control the workings of the computer hardware • Operating system - set of computer programs that controls the computer hardware • Application - software that applies the power of the computer to solve problems and perform specific tasks • Programming languages - provide instructions to a computer to perform some processing activity