Software Project Management 2007 Project Time Management Solonhi

Software Project Management 2007 Project Time Management Solonhi Gao School of Computer 2007 -8 -31 Software Engineering 1/42

Review of chapter 5 • Project time management is often cited as the main source of conflict on projects. • The main processes involved in project time management include activity sequencing, activity resource estimating, activity duration estimating, schedule development, and schedule control. 2007 -8 -31 Software Engineering 2/42

Learning Objectives • Understand the importance of project cost management. • Explain basic project cost management principles, concepts, and terms. • Discuss different types of cost estimates and methods for preparing a cost estimate and budget(预算) for an information technology project • Understand the benefits of earned value management（挣 值管理） and project portfolio management to assist in cost control. • Describe how project management software can assist in project cost management. 2007 -8 -31 Software Engineering 3/42

Outline • • Opening case The importance of Project Cost Management Basic Principles of Cost Management Project Cost Management Processes – Resource Planning – Cost Estimating – Cost Budgeting – Cost Control • Using Project management Software to Assist in Project Cost Management 2007 -8 -31 Software Engineering 4/42

Opening Case • dramatis personae: Juan Gonzales. • The view of the case : – A system analyst and network specialist – His next career objective was to become a project manager so he could have even more influence. – One of his colleagues invited him to attend an important project review meeting for large government projects, including the Surveyor Pro project(测量员助手). – Juan was very surprised, however, when the majority of the meeting was spent discussing cost-related issues. – Juan did not understand many of the terms and charts the presenters(演讲者) were showing. 2007 -8 -31 Software Engineering 5/42

Opening Case • dramatis personae: Juan Gonzales. • The view of the case : – Juan thought he would learn more about the new technologies the Surveyor Pro project would use, but he discovered that the cost estimate and project benefits were of most interest to the government officials at the meeting. 2007 -8 -31 Software Engineering 6/42

Outline • • Opening case The importance of Project Cost Management Basic Principles of Cost Management Project Cost Management Processes – – Resource Planning Cost Estimating Cost Budgeting Cost Control • Using Project management Software to Assist in Project Cost Management 2007 -8 -31 Software Engineering 7/42

Importance of Project Cost Management • IT projects have a poor track record for meeting budget goals. • The 2003 CHAOS studies showed the average cost overrun (the additional percentage or dollar amount by which actual costs exceed estimates) was 43 percent. • U. S. lost $55 billion in IT projects in 2002 from cancelled projects and overruns compared to $140 billion in 1994. 2007 -8 -31 Software Engineering 8/42

What is Cost and Project Cost Management? • Cost is a resource sacrificed(牺牲) or foregone （放弃）to achieve a specific objective, or something given up in exchange. • Costs are usually measured in monetary units, such as dollars. • Project cost management includes the processes required to ensure that the project is completed within an approved budget. 2007 -8 -31 Software Engineering 9/42

Project Cost Management Processes • Cost estimating: Developing an approximation（近似 值） or estimate of the costs of the resources needed to complete a project. • Cost budgeting（成本预算）: Allocating（分配） the overall cost estimate to individual work items to establish a baseline for measuring performance. • Cost control: Controlling changes to the project budget. 2007 -8 -31 Software Engineering 10/42

Outline • • Opening case The importance of Project Cost Management Basic Principles of Cost Management Project Cost Management Processes – Resource Planning – Cost Estimating – Cost Budgeting – Cost Control • Using Project management Software to Assist in Project Cost Management 2007 -8 -31 Software Engineering 11/42

Basic Principles of Cost Management 2007 -8 -31 Software Engineering 13/42

Outline • Opening case • The importance of Project Cost Management • Basic Principles of Cost Management • Project Cost Management Processes – Resource Planning – Cost Estimating – Cost Budgeting – Cost Control • Using Project management Software to Assist in Project Cost Management 2007 -8 -31 Software Engineering 17/42

Project Cost Management Processes • Resource planning（资源计划） – Determining what resources and quantities of them should be used • Cost estimating（成本估算） – Developing an estimate of the costs and resources needed to complete a project • Cost budgeting（成本预算） – Allocating the overall cost estimate to individual work items to establish a baseline for measuring performance • Cost control（成本控制） – Controlling changes to the project budget 2007 -8 -31 Software Engineering 21/42

Outline • • Opening case The importance of Project Cost Management Basic Principles of Cost Management Project Cost Management Processes – Resource Planning – Cost Estimating – Cost Budgeting – Cost Control • Using Project management Software to Assist in Project Cost Management 2007 -8 -31 Software Engineering 22/42

Resource Planning • 资源计划是确定什么样的资源（包括人力、设备、 材料等）以及需要多少这样的资源用于项目执行过 程中。 • 为了比较准确地识别项目所需的资源，资源计划编 制者必须要对项目所处的技术环境有相当的了解。 • Some questions to consider – How difficult will it be to do specific tasks on the project? – Is there anything unique in this project’s scope statement that will affect resources? – What is the organization’s history in doing similar tasks? – Does the organization have or can they acquire the people, equipment, and materials that are capable and available for performing the work? 2007 -8 -31 Software Engineering 23/42

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Outline • • Opening case The importance of Project Cost Management Basic Principles of Cost Management Project Cost Management Processes – Resource Planning – Cost Estimating – Cost Budgeting – Cost Control • Using Project management Software to Assist in Project Cost Management 2007 -8 -31 Software Engineering 26/42

Cost Estimating • Cost Estimating – It is an important output of project cost management. – It is also important to develop a cost management plan that describes how cost variances will be managed on the project • Types of Cost Estimates 2007 -8 -31 Software Engineering 27/42

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