SODIUM AND YOUR HEALTH Catalina Esqueda BS Dietetic

SODIUM AND YOUR HEALTH Catalina Esqueda, BS, Dietetic Intern IU Health Goshen Hospital September 8, 2016

OBJECTIVES • Review sodium and fluid guidelines for heart failure. • Learn common sources of sodium. • Review how to read food labels. • Tips for reducing sodium and

WHAT IS HEART FAILURE? • Heart muscle has trouble pumping enough blood to meet body’s needs. Fatigue Shortness of breath Fluid build-up Low appetite

HEART FAILURE SOCIETY OF AMERICA: 2010 GUIDELINES • Sodium: 2 -3 grams/day Some patients may need <2 g/day. • Fluid intake: <2 liters/day • Multivitamin may be beneficial

2015 -2020 DIETARY GUIDELINES FOR AMERICANS • Limit daily sodium intake to 2, 300 milligrams per day (~1 teaspoon). • 1, 500 mg for those with hypertension or prehypertension.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Americans consume an average of 3, 440 mg of sodium daily. This is the same as 1 ½ teaspoons.

QUICK FACTS • Most sodium is consumed as sodium chloride. Table salt. • A lot of our sodium comes from processed foods: Bread, prepared dinners, pizza, cold cuts, bacon, cheese, soups, fast food.

in Food Sources Naturally of Sodium in the American Diet 12% Table 6% Cooking 5% Restaurants & Processed Foods 77%

TASTE PREFERENCES • Not fixed: influenced by diet. • No indication of preference at birth. • Preference appears to occur at ~4 months of age -> exposure.

TASTE PREFERENCES • Studies demonstrate that reducing sodium for 3 to 4 weeks can decrease preference for salty foods. • A temporary craving for salt may occur initially.

TIPS FOR REDUCING SODIUM • Gradually add less salt at the table and in cooking. • Remove/reduce salt from recipes. • Use fewer sauces, mixes, and "instant" products, which usually have salt

TIPS FOR REDUCING SODIUM • Rinse salt from canned foods. • Limit smoked, cured, or processed meats. • Use low sodium broths. • Try adding other seasonings to foods or use a salt-free

TIPS FOR REDUCING SODIUM • Reduce condiment portions: mustard, ketchup, relish and salad dressing. • Cut back on processed foods such as frozen dinners, pizza, canned soups or broths.

TIPS FOR REDUCING SODIUM • Increase potassium: Sweet potatoes, tomato paste, bananas, prunes, melon, orange juice, spinach, yogurt. 4, 700 mg per day. • Ask for meals to be prepared without added salt.

Same Sodium Content!

Sodium = 30 mg in 1 cup.

Sodium = 340 mg in 1 cup.

WORDS TO LOOK FOR • No salt added or unsalted However may naturally contain sodium

WORDS TO LOOK FOR • Sodium or salt free One serving contains <5 mg of sodium.

WORDS TO LOOK FOR • Very low sodium One serving contains 35 mg sodium or less.

WORDS TO LOOK FOR • Low sodium One serving contains 140 mg sodium or less.

WORDS TO LOOK FOR • Reduced sodium 25% less sodium than regular version. May still be high.

WORDS TO LOOK FOR • Light in sodium Contains 50% less sodium than the regular version. May still be high.

SHOPPING SMART • Ingredients that indicate increased sodium content: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) Baking soda Baking powder Disodium phosphate Sodium alginate Sodium nitrate or nitrite • Try to avoid products with more than 300 mg of sodium per serving.

SALT SUBSTITUTES • Some still contain sodium, in addition to other compounds.

SALT SUBSTITUTES • Many have potassium chloride. Too much potassium can be harmful if you have kidney problems or are on some medications for congestive heart failure or high blood pressure.

GENERAL TIPS FOR A HEALTHY DIET • Half your plate fruits and veggies • Choose more whole grains • Eat a variety of protein foods: seafood, nuts, beans, lean meat, poultry, eggs

GENERAL TIPS FOR A HEALTHY DIET

RESOURCES • https: //health. gov/dietaryguidelines/2015/guidelines/ • http: //www. nhlbi. nih. gov/hbp/prevent/sodium. ht m • http: //www. mckinley. illinois. edu/Handouts/reducing_sodi um_diet. html • https: //www. cdc. gov/salt/pdfs/sources_of_sodium. pdf • http: //sodiumbreakup. heart. org/sodium-411/sources-ofsodium/ • http: //www. heart. org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Heart. Failu re/Heart-Failure_UCM_002019_Sub. Home. Page. jsp

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