SOCKS Group Challenger Member Lichun Zhan Agenda n

SOCKS Group: Challenger Member: Lichun Zhan

Agenda n n n n Introduction SOCKS v 4 SOCKS v 5 Summary Conclusion References Questions

Introduction n SOCKS was originally developed by David and Michelle Koblas. It is modified and extended by Ying-Da Lee -- SOCKS v 4. SOCKS v 5 is defined in RFC 1928 by IETF.

Introduction – What is SOCKS n n n SOCKS is a generic, proxy protocol for TCP/IP based networking application. It provides a flexible framework for developing secure communications by easily integrating other security technologies. SOCKS consists of two parts: SOCKS server and SOCKS client.

Introduction – SOCKS Server and Client n n n SOCKS server is a program that is run on a host that can communicate directly with both the Internet and the internal computers on the network. SOCKS client is a specially modified Internet client programs that contacts the SOCKS server instead of sending requests directly to the Internet. According to the OSI model, the SOCKS server is implemented at the application layer. The SOCKS client is implemented between the application and transport layers.

Place In OSI Layer Client SOCKS Server Application Transport Physical

Introduction – How does it work? n n The client connects to a SOCKS proxy server. The proxy server connects to the application server on behalf of the client. The proxy server relays data between the client and the application server. For the application server, the proxy server is the client.

Introduction – Connection Setup SOCKS Connection Setup TCP Connect and SOCKS Request User SOCKS Reply SOCKS Proxy Server TCP Connect (SYN) Server TCP Connect ACK

Introduction – Data Relay SOCKS Data Relay Phase Packet User Packet SOCKS Proxy Server Packet

SOCKS V 4 – Three functions n CONNECT: makes connection requests. n BIND: sets up proxy circuits n Relays application data

V 4 – CONNECT request & reply n Request(from client to SOCKS server): +------+-------+-------+--------+-----+. . +----+ | VN | CD | DSTPORT | # of bytes: n n DSTIP | USERID |NULL| +------+-------+-------+--------+-----+. . +----+ 1 1 2 4 variable 1 (if granted, SOCKS server makes connection to the destination server. ) Reply(from SOCKS server to client) : +---- -+-------+-------+ | VN | CD | DSTPORT | # of bytes: n DSTIP +-----+-------+-------+ 1 1 2 | 4 (SOCKS server closes the connection if reject, or ready relay data on both directions)

V 4 – BIND request & reply n Request(from client to let SOCKS server prepare inbound connection): +------+-------+-------+--------+-----+. . +----+ | VN | CD | DSTPORT | DSTIP | USERID |NULL| +------+-------+-------+--------+-----+. . +----+ # of bytes: n 1 1 2 4 variable Reply(from SOCKS server to client): +---- -+-------+-------+ | VN | CD | DSTPORT | DSTIP | +-----+-------+-------+ # of bytes: n 1 1 2 4 bind(), getsockname(), listen(), send IP and port to app. , accept(). 1

V 4 Extension n n It eliminates the requirement for SOCKSv 4 clients to resolve internal and external domain names. Appending the unresolved domain names to the SOCKSv 4 client requests, SOCKSv 4 servers can attempt to resolve domain names. +-----+------+-----+-----+---+-------+-----+------+ | VN | CD | DSTPORT| DSTIP 0. 0. 0. x | USERID |NULL| HOSTNAME |NULL| +-----+------+-----+-----+---+-------+-----+------+ # of bytes: 1 1 2 4 variable 1

V 4 – How it is plugged in (UNIX) n n The SOCKS client replace calls to the socket functions such as connect(), getsocketname(), bind(), accept(), listen() and select() - with its own versions of these functions. Makefile of the program used to compile the network client program is modified. The resulting program is linked to the SOCKS library. The SOCKS library intercepts the connection attempt and opens up a connection to the SOCKS server.

V 4 Weakness n n Lack of strong authentication. The requirement to recompile applications with SOCKSv 4 client library.

SOCKS v 5 (rfc 1928) – New Functions n Authentication Encompass domain name and IPv 6 address. n Support UDP-based applications n

V 5 - Authentication Method Negotiation 1 n n n The application client declares to the SOCKSv 5 server the authentication methods it can support The SOCKSv 5 server sends a message to the client announcing the method the client should use The SOCKSv 5 server determines the authentication method based on the security policy defined in the SOCKSv 5 server's configuration. If the client's declared methods fail to meet the security requirement, the SOCKSv 5 server drops communication

V 5 - Authentication Method Negotiation 2 +------------+--------+ | VER | NMETHODS | +------------+--------+ | 1 | 1 to 255 +----------+--------+ | +-------------+ |VER | METHOD| +-------------+ | 1 +-------------+ The values currently defined for METHOD are: X'00' NO AUTHENTICATION REQUIRED X'01' GSSAPI· X'02' USERNAME/PASSWORD· X'03' CHAP· X'04' to X'7 F' IANA ASSIGNED· X'80' to X'FE' RESERVED FOR PRIVATE METHODS· X'FF' NO ACCEPTABLE METHODS |

Username/Password Authentication for SOCKS v 5. n n Defined in RFC 1929 Consists of two simple messages n n From the client to the SOCKS server stating the username and password to use From the server to the client, stating whether the authentication succeeded or not.

GSS-API Authentication Method for SOCKS v 5 n n Defined in RFC 1961. GSS-API: generic security service API. Establishing a GSS-API security context to encapsulates negotiation protocol for mechanism selection and the agreement of security service options. GSS-API per-message protection calls encapsulate TCP/UDP traffic between client and server.

V 5 –Domain Name and IPv 6 Address. Request & Reply: +------+---------+--------+ | VER | REP | RSV | ATYP | BND. ADDR | BND. PORT| +------+---------+--------+ | 1 |x’ 00’| 1 | variable | 2 | +------+---------+--------+ The values currently defined for ATYP are: X'01' IP v 4 address X'03' DOMAINNAME X'04' IP v 6 address

V 5 – Support UDP Association n n UDP association creates a virtual proxy circuit for traversing UDP-based application data. The proxy circuit for UDP is a pair of addresses from the communication endpoints that send and receive datagrams UDP headers encapsulate application data including the destination address of a datagram. UDP request header: +---------+----------------+------------+ | RSV | FRAG | ATYP | DST. ADDR | DST. PORT | DATA | +---------+----------------+------------+ | 2 | 1 | Variable | 2 | Variable | +---------+----------------+------------+

Control Flow of SOCKS (v 4 & v 5)

Summary 1 n A single communication protocol authenticates users and establishes the communication channel n transfers user information from the SOCKS client to the SOCKS server for user authentication authenticates the user and the channel n guarantees the integrity of TCP and UDP channels n

Summary 2 n Application-Independent Proxy n n It establishes communication channels, and manages and protects the channel for any application. Can protect new applications without requiring additional development.

Summary 3 n Flexible protection through a variety of access control policies n n SOCKS delivers TCP and UDP connections through a proxy mechanism at the TCP/UDP layer, therefore it works with any application, and virtually all IP layer technologies, such as firewalls, NAT, and private IP. SOCKS adds the flexibility to manage the network through access control policies based on user, application, and time, in addition to source and destination addresses.

Summary 4 n Bi-directional proxy support n n SOCKS identifies communication targets through domain names, overcoming the private IP address restrictions. SOCKS can also use domain names to establish communication between separate LANs with redundant IP addresses.

Conclusion – SOCKS is widely used… n n As a network firewall As a generic application proxy In virtual private networks(VPN). For extranet applications.

References n n n n http: //archive. socks. permeo. com/protocol/socks 4. protocol http: //socks. permeo. com/protocol/socks 4 a. protocol http: //www. ietf. org/rfc 1928. txt http: //www. ietf. org/rfc 1929. txt http: //www. ietf. org/rfc 1961. txt http: //www. ietf. org/rfc 3089. txt http: //archive. socks. permeo. com/draft-ietf-aft-socks-pro-v 504. txt http: //www. answers. com/topic/socks http: //www 2. rad. com/networks/2005/anonym/page 325. htm http: //www. socks. permeo. com/About. SOCKS/SOCKSOverview. a sp http: //www. unix. org. ua/orelly/networking/puis/ch 22_04. htm http: //www. clipcode. org/messaging/socks. html http: //medialab. di. unipi. it/doc/JNet. Sec/jns_ch 12. htm

Thank You ! Questions?