Sociology Unit 1 1 What is Sociology and

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Sociology Unit 1 1. What is Sociology and why we study it 2. Significant

Sociology Unit 1 1. What is Sociology and why we study it 2. Significant people and their contributions to Sociology 3. The 3 Perspectives and how we view society 4. Sociology as a Social Science and applying the Scientific Method

Sociology ___________________________________ Like All Like Some Like None

Sociology ___________________________________ Like All Like Some Like None

Why Study Sociology? • Heightens awareness of social forces around us • _______________: relationship

Why Study Sociology? • Heightens awareness of social forces around us • _______________: relationship between the individual and wider society • Impact you have on others and they have on you • _______________________ • _________________ • Seeing not only the most basic or relationships to those with the most depth • Encourages questioning common sense • Research to understand the why in society • Influences public policy • Based on research, how to help others and society • Employment and Educational Skills

What Sociologists Look For In Groups 1. ________________ * How a group is organized

What Sociologists Look For In Groups 1. ________________ * How a group is organized or interrelated 2. ________________ * Purpose of the structure 3. ________________ * Behavior that can be predicted or expected 4. ________________ * Change in structure, function, or behaviors 5. ________________ * Why things happen within the group 6. ________________ * The results of the group or behaviors

Seniors at EHS Structure: Age, academic abilities, interests Function: Academic standards, similar backgrounds Patterns

Seniors at EHS Structure: Age, academic abilities, interests Function: Academic standards, similar backgrounds Patterns of Behavior: Senior slide, power over others, Pepfests!!!! Change: Time of reflection and growth Causes: Anxiety, excitement of moving on Consequences: Graduation!!!!

Examples of careers for those who Major in Sociology 1. ________________ ___ • •

Examples of careers for those who Major in Sociology 1. ________________ ___ • • Most common position for those with degree Completion of Doctoral Thesis 2. ________________ ___ • • Conduct research in a variety of employment settings Focus on urban and metropolitan problems 3. ________________

 • Sociology is a Social Science: ____________________________ • Physical and Human • ______________

• Sociology is a Social Science: ____________________________ • Physical and Human • ______________ • Comparative study of past and present cultures • ______________ • Focus on individual behavior and personality • ______________ • Study of choices people make to satisfy wants and needs • ______________ • Examination of organization and operation of governments • ______________

The Beginning • Sociology: ____________________________________ • What caused Sociology to emerge? • Develops in

The Beginning • Sociology: ____________________________________ • What caused Sociology to emerge? • Develops in the 1800’s as an independent discipline • The Enlightenment • _________________ • ____________: created social problems • • Changing economy Urban populations Increase of crime and lack of jobs Impersonal nature of cities and impact on families • ____________________

___________ 1798 -1857 French • “______________” • First to use the term “Sociology” •

___________ 1798 -1857 French • “______________” • First to use the term “Sociology” • His goal: To Improve Society! • Causes and consequences of French Revolution • “________________ _” • Sociology must be studied in the same scientific manner as the natural sciences study

Auguste Comte • Two basic problems: • Order • Change • ________________________________________ • EHS

Auguste Comte • Two basic problems: • Order • Change • ________________________________________ • EHS - no fire alarms, no snow days - days stay on schedule • ________________________________________ • EHS - Change computer systems • Attendance on scantron sheets

__________ English 1802 -1876 • First acknowledged _______________ • Examined emerging ________________ • Promise

__________ English 1802 -1876 • First acknowledged _______________ • Examined emerging ________________ • Promise of democracy: family, race, religion • Translated ____________ work Positive Philosophy into English • Concerned with social change and the plight of women and children in English factories during the early

____________ _ 1820 -1903 English • Describe the society rather than improve it •

____________ _ 1820 -1903 English • Describe the society rather than improve it • Biological model of society • Draws from the ideas of Charles Darwin • Social Darwinism • Survival of the fittest • Weak are eliminated • EHS - A class that no one takes might be eliminated • Question of government intervention in England at the time? • Advocated against social reform efforts to poor people because it disrupts the natural selection process of evolution

___________ 1818 -1883 German • Originator of Marxism • The fundamental theory of communism

___________ 1818 -1883 German • Originator of Marxism • The fundamental theory of communism • Economic Forces • ____________________ • _________________ • Societies between economic classes • Owners vs. Workers • Emphasized _____ Identification • __________________

___________ 1858 -1916 -French • First to perform _____________ • Use of statistics in

___________ 1858 -1916 -French • First to perform _____________ • Use of statistics in sociology • Founded sociology as an academic discipline • First Sociology course at university in France • Society consists of _____________ • ______________________ • EHS - Teachers, Students, Counselors, Principal, Lunch personnel, etc. • _________ - when people feel a loss of purpose or direction

____________ __ 1864 -1920 German • __________________ • Freshmen in EHS • __________: meaning

____________ __ 1864 -1920 German • __________________ • Freshmen in EHS • __________: meaning in actions • “Putting yourself in their shoes” • ______________________Religions, Cultures • Rationalization • Ideal Type: essential characteristics of a feature of society • Public schools, attitudes about work, etc. • May not always be perfect representation of what actually exists http: //www. ne. jp/asahi/moriyuki/abukuma/

____________ ___ 1858 -1918 German • Small Groups • ________________________________ • Transition towards 20

____________ ___ 1858 -1918 German • Small Groups • ________________________________ • Transition towards 20 th Century Sociology

____________ __ • __________________ • The study changed in the early 20 th century

____________ __ • __________________ • The study changed in the early 20 th century • ________________________________________ • • 1 st U. S. Sociology Course at Yale 1875 1 st Dept. of Sociology at U. of Chicago 1892 1 st U. S. Soc. Textbook published 1894 1905: American Sociological Society established

____________ __ American: 1860 -1935 • Won the first _____________ (1931) given to an

____________ __ American: 1860 -1935 • Won the first _____________ (1931) given to an American sociologist • Founded _________ for the poor in Chicago • Pioneered the study of social problems • Combined her skills • ____________________________________ • __________________ http: //www. uic. edu/jaddams/hull_house. html

___________ American: 1868 -1963 • • ____________________________________ • Used statistics to examine racial discrimination

___________ American: 1868 -1963 • • ____________________________________ • Used statistics to examine racial discrimination against blacks

____________ ___ American: 1916 -1962 • __________________: • Connection between the larger world and

____________ ___ American: 1916 -1962 • __________________: • Connection between the larger world and your personal life • Impact you have on society and society has on you • ____________________________________ • 1 person unemployed versus 10, 000 people • ________________________________________

____________ ___American: 1922 -1982 • Believed we play roles and present a “_____” for

____________ ___American: 1922 -1982 • Believed we play roles and present a “_____” for public view • Presentation of self and “________________” • _______________________

___________ ___ American: 1864 -1929 • The ________________ • Definition: the interactive process by

___________ ___ American: 1864 -1929 • The ________________ • Definition: the interactive process by which we develop an image of ourselves based on hw we imagine we appear to others • ________________________________________ • 3 step process in our minds 1. ____________________ 2. ____________________ 3. ____________________

Looking Glass Self Example • You are walking down the hallway when you trip

Looking Glass Self Example • You are walking down the hallway when you trip over your feet and fall in front of a large crowd. Using the Looking Glass Self theory, fill in the blanks for how you respond. Step 1: _______________ Step 2: _______________ Step 3: _______________

____________ ___ 1863 -1931 American • ____________________________________ • Self consists of 2 parts •

____________ ___ 1863 -1931 American • ____________________________________ • Self consists of 2 parts • “___” Self: unsocialized, spontaneous, selfinterested component of personality • “___” Self: part of us that is aware of the expectations and attitudes of society • Socialized self • ____________________________________

3 Perspectives of Sociology Theories and Ideas Used to Describe and Understand Society

3 Perspectives of Sociology Theories and Ideas Used to Describe and Understand Society

Common Essay Question #1 Using the 3 Perspectives of Sociology, choose an element or

Common Essay Question #1 Using the 3 Perspectives of Sociology, choose an element or aspect of society and demonstrate your understanding of each Perspective by explaining how the area of society would be understood and explained. For each Perspective, identify key people, terms and concepts in making the connections and demonstrating your mastery in understanding the Functionalist, Conflict and Interactionist Perspectives.

Levels to Study Society • ________________ • Viewing society in large groups or entire

Levels to Study Society • ________________ • Viewing society in large groups or entire civilizations • ________________ • Identifying the small groups and individual relationships that exist in society

_______ Perspective • Influenced by _____________ • Focus on _______________ • View society as

_______ Perspective • Influenced by _____________ • Focus on _______________ • View society as a set of __________ • Consensus holds together society • Society is like a _____________ • Each piece has a “Function” • If it does not, it’s no longer part of “puzzle” or society

Identifying the Function • _________________ • Definition: negative consequence an element has for the

Identifying the Function • _________________ • Definition: negative consequence an element has for the stability of the social system • Examples: crime and terrorism • _________________ • Definition: intended and recognized consequence of some element of society • Lifetime Fitness: workout and be healthy • _________________ • Definition: unintended and unrecognized consequence • Lifetime Fitness: meet new friends

____________ ___ • Focuses on how individuals interact with one • • another in

____________ ___ • Focuses on how individuals interact with one • • another in society _______________________________________ Role of _________ in our daily lives • Definition: anything that represents something else • Examples: physical objects, gestures, words and events • _______________: how we use symbols in our interactions • Study topics such as child development, relationships within groups and mate selection

How would the 3 Perspectives view sports and athletics in society? Functionalist, Conflict and

How would the 3 Perspectives view sports and athletics in society? Functionalist, Conflict and Interactionist Theories

Functionalist • Physical well-being • Discipline, commitment, team • Provide employment at all different

Functionalist • Physical well-being • Discipline, commitment, team • Provide employment at all different levels • Safety valve for release of tension and aggression

Conflict • • • Winners vs. Losers Unequal access to training “False” idea of

Conflict • • • Winners vs. Losers Unequal access to training “False” idea of success Profits vs. Safety Discrimination based on sex, race, etc.

Interactionist • • • Parent-child involvement and relationships Friendship networks Status and peer recognition

Interactionist • • • Parent-child involvement and relationships Friendship networks Status and peer recognition Teammates and roles Symbolic meaning of awards

3 Perspectives Activity Choose an element in society and identify through each of the

3 Perspectives Activity Choose an element in society and identify through each of the 3 Perspectives how Sociologists would view it in our world. Examples: media, religion, family, government, police, music, holidays, etc. Functionalist: 1. 2. 3. Conflict: 1. 2. 3. Interactionist: 1. 2. 3.

Use of Scientific Research to Understand Society • Scientific Method • ____________________________________________ • __________________

Use of Scientific Research to Understand Society • Scientific Method • ____________________________________________ • __________________ • Relies on use of experience, observation and experimentation to collect facts • Eliminate bias and research in a methodical manner • __________________ • Examining the structure and function of features in society

What are we studying • __________________ • Characteristic that can differ from one individual,

What are we studying • __________________ • Characteristic that can differ from one individual, group, or situation to another in a measurable way • Anything that can vary • ____________________ • Causes change in another variable • ____________________ • Variable that is changed by the independent variable • Which one are Sociologists more concerned with understanding in the study?

Understanding how one variable impacts another • __________________ • ____________________ • _____________________________________________ _____ •

Understanding how one variable impacts another • __________________ • ____________________ • _____________________________________________ _____ • Lack of sleep equals tired the next day • ____________________ • Change in one variable is regularly associated with a change in another • _____________________ • Positive (_______) and Negative (_______)

Applying the steps of the Scientific Method 1. Defining the Problem 2. Reviewing the

Applying the steps of the Scientific Method 1. Defining the Problem 2. Reviewing the Literature 3. Formulating a Hypothesis 4. Choosing a Research Design 5. Collecting Data 6. Analyzing Data 7. Presenting Conclusion

Step 1: Define the Problem • ________________ ___ • __________________________________ • Clearly state what

Step 1: Define the Problem • ________________ ___ • __________________________________ • Clearly state what you want to investigate • How does sleep or lack thereof affect school performance? • Is this question specific enough to study?

Step 2: Review the Literature 1. __________________ • • What has been done before?

Step 2: Review the Literature 1. __________________ • • What has been done before? How can you expand? How can you do it differently? Eliminate duplications 2. __________________ • Areas that may influence your study or previous

Step 3: Formulate Hypothesis • ________________________________ • Statement identifying the relationship you believe exists

Step 3: Formulate Hypothesis • ________________________________ • Statement identifying the relationship you believe exists between variables in study • “Based on the number of hours and quality of sleep, student performance will increase in the area of attentiveness and their engagement in classroom activities. ”

Step 4: Choose a Research Method • ________________________________ • Identifying the most effective method

Step 4: Choose a Research Method • ________________________________ • Identifying the most effective method based on topic, subjects and resources

Step 5: Collect Data and Research • Establish sample groups to be used •

Step 5: Collect Data and Research • Establish sample groups to be used • _________________ • Selection from a larger population that is statistically found to be typical of population • Gender, age, race, social class, etc. • _________________ • Every member of an entire population being studied has the same chance of being selected

Step 5 Continued: Research Methods ______________________ Past material: artifacts, diaries, letters ______________________ Counting the

Step 5 Continued: Research Methods ______________________ Past material: artifacts, diaries, letters ______________________ Counting the number of times a word or phrase appears to determine importance ______________________ Mathematical data to show relationship and impact ______________________ Survey group size will vary based on research Either _________ or _________ method Observation _____________________________________________________ ______

Step 6: Analyzing the Data • Determine how the hypothesis held up • Strength

Step 6: Analyzing the Data • Determine how the hypothesis held up • Strength of relationship for variables • _______________ • The degree to which a measure or scale reflects the phenomenon under study • Do the results match what we were studying? • _______________ • The extent to which a measure provides consistent results • How consistent were the results?

Step 7: Presenting Conclusions • ________________________________ • End to original process and start to

Step 7: Presenting Conclusions • ________________________________ • End to original process and start to potential future studies • Expanding on strength of relationship or why results did not match hypotheses • Are there other variables with greater influence?