SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS CHAPTER 12

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS CHAPTER 12 The Family Section 1: The Family in Cross-Cultural Perspective Section 2: The American Family 1 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 1: The Family in Cross-Cultural Perspective Objectives: w Describe the norms that influence the ways in which marriage patterns are organized around the world. w Identify the basic societal needs that the institution of the family satisfies. 2 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 1: The Family in Cross-Cultural Perspective Norms and Marriage Patterns Around the World w Number of marriage partners – in industrialized nations marriages are usually monogamous whereas in pre-industrial societies the normal pattern is polygyny w Residential Patterns – once individuals are married they must decide where to live 3 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 1: The Family in Cross-Cultural Perspective Norms and Marriage Patterns Around the World (continued) w Descent Patterns – in some societies people trace kinship through the father’s side of the family, in others descent is traced through the mother’s side of the family or through both parents w Authority Patterns – the three basic types are patriarchy, matriarchy and egalitarian 4 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 1: The Family in Cross-Cultural Perspective Basic Needs Provided by the Family w Regulation of sexual activity – enforce incest taboo which is a norm forbidding sexual relations or marriage between certain relatives w Reproduction – societies establish norms governing childbearing and child rearing 5 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 1: The Family in Cross-Cultural Perspective Basic Needs Provided by the Family (continued) w Socialization – children must be taught the ways of the society into which they were born w Economic and Emotional Security – family acts as the basic economic unit in society and in most cases labor is divided on the basis of gender 6 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 2: The American Family Objectives: w Explain how American families begin and describe some of the disruptions they might face. w Analyze some of the trends in American family life currently being examined by sociologists. 7 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 2: The American Family Beginnings of the American Family and Disruptions w Marriage begins with courtship and marriage between either homogamous or heterogamous couples w Disruptions include family violence, divorce, empty nest, return of adult children and death of a spouse 8 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 2: The American Family Sociologists Examine Trends in American Family Life w Delayed Marriages – current trend is to marry later in life and being single has become an acceptable alternative to being married w Delayed Childbearing – women are delaying childbirth to complete their education and establish a career w Childlessness – couples are making the conscious choice to remain voluntarily childless 9 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS Section 2: The American Family Sociologists Examine Trends in American Family Life (continued) w Dual-Earner Marriages – increase in the number of dual-earner marriages due to the increased number of women entering the workforce w One-Parent Families – come about in various ways such as divorce, death of a spouse, births to unwed mothers or adoption by unmarried individuals w Remarriage – the majority of people who get divorced about 75 percent get remarried 10 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON