Sociology Groups Unit 4 Group Types Social Groups

Sociology & Groups Unit 4

Group Types Social Groups ◦ Primary Groups ◦ Secondary Groups Relationships ◦ Primary Relationships ◦ Secondary Relationships Aggregate Category

Group Size Small Group ◦ Dyad ◦ Triad Large Group ◦ Shared opinions ◦ Contain small sub-groups ◦ Communication becomes formal ◦ Shifting norms

Group Values Group Norms Group Roles ◦ Harmonizers ◦ Talkers ◦ Idealizers

Leadership Characteristics ◦ Height ◦ IQ Social & Communication Skills ◦ Self-confidence ◦ Liberal

Types of Leaders Instrumental Leader Expressive Leaders

Leadership Styles Authoritarian Democratic Laissez-Faire

Group Decisions Group Conformity Group Think Risky Shift Cautious Shift Distorted Decision Making

Group Decision Process 1) Collection of Information 2) Evaluation of Information 3) Decision Reached 4) Harmony Restored

The Asch Paradigm Decision-Making and Conformity ◦ 7 confederates, 1 participant ◦ 1/3 fell into the “majority affect”

Group Boundaries In-groups Out-groups

Reference Groups ◦ Used for self-evaluation ◦ Set a standard ◦ Strongly influence behaviors

Group Networks Social Networks ◦ Primary contacts ◦ Secondary contacts

Organizations Formal Organizations Informal Organizations Organizational Culture ◦ Cultural network

Douglas Mc. Gregor Theories of Management ◦ Theory X ◦ Theory Y Related Concepts: ◦ Job rotation ◦ Job enlargement

Bureaucracies Bureaucracy: Hierarchical authority controlling formal organizations. ◦ Karl Marx: These are bad! ◦ Max Weber: Rationalizes rules & procedures – Functionalist! Ideal Type is OK Division of Labor Hierarchy Regulations Impersonal Record Keeping Administrative Career structures

Bureaucracies ◦ Robert merton: Beureaucratic Persoanlity is a dysfunction Seen as a negotiated reality Leads to Oligarchy

Problem With Bureaucracies Bureaucratic Alienation Bureaucratic Ritualism Bureaucratic Inertia Institutionalism Goal Displacement

Organizational Process Institutionalization Goal Displacement Collective Organizations

Organizational Models Amitai Etzioni’s 3 Organizational Models: ◦ Coercive Organizations ◦ Utilitarian Organizations ◦ Voluntary Associations

Organizational Models Mc. Donaldization: ◦ Efficiency ◦ Calculability ◦ Predictability ◦ Control