SOCIOLINGUISTICS CLASS 12 27052019 PROF DR DANIEL FERRAZ

SOCIOLINGUISTICS CLASS 12– 27/05/2019 PROF. DR. DANIEL FERRAZ

OUTLINE PART 1 - DIALOGUE – STUDENT A X STUDENT B PART II - EXAMPLES OF MULTILINGUALISM, BILINGUALISM, TRANSLANGING AND METROLINGUALISM PART III - TEXT 1 - CANAGARAJAH PART IV - TEXT II – PENNYCOOK TO CLOSE: TRANSLINGUAL OR METROLINGUAL PRACTICES IN SÃO PAULO

GET TOGETHER WITH SOMEONE WHO READ A DIFFERENT TEXT FROM YOURS PART ONE – TWO TEXTS TALK ABOUT THE TEXT >>>SUMMARY + YOUR INITIAL IMPRESSIONS JOT DOWN AT LEAST ONE PROBLEMATIZING QUESTION FROM EACH TEXT

PART II – EXAMPLES OF MULTILINGUALISM, BILINGUALISM AND TRANSLANGUAGING AND METROLINGULISM

MULTILINGUALISM https: //www. youtube. com/wa tch? v=Mm. Iiq 6 Bsgqc

EXAMPLE OF BILINGUALISM (MY REAL EMAILS)

OFÉLIA GARCIA - TRANSLANGUAGING HTTPS: //WWW. YOUTUBE. COM/WATCH? V=5 L 1 CCRRRCK 0

HTTPS: //WW W. YOUTUBE. COM/WATCH? V=FJBPXUM 0 HAM

TRANSLANGUAGING (MY REAL EMAIL DANIEL)

TRANSLANGUAGING (MY EMAIL – BRIAN)

METROLINGUISM METROLINGUALIS M

TEXT 1 -

KEYWORDS >>> KW

CRITIQUES MONOLINGUAL (ENGLISH) ORIENTATION AS THE NORM CRITIQUES MONLINGUAL HEGEMONIES SEES STANDARD LANGUAGES >>IDEOLOGICAL CONSTRUCT EMPHACIZES HYBRIDITY TRANSLINGUALIS M LINGUISTICALY SPEAKING: CODEMIXING MESHING LANGUAGE CROSSING (EX. GALANG – GO ALONG = JAMAICAN CREOLE) BORROWING (FROM CREOLES, LOWER DIGLOSSIC LGGS, >>CHALLENGES HEGEMONIC ENGLISH) POLYGLOT DIALOGUES (IN ELF) (WITHIN ENGLISH, DIGLOSSIA LOWER ENG X HIGHER NATIVE ENG)

MULTILINGUALISM X MULTICULTURALISM MULTICULTURAL >>> MULTI (MULTIPLY), BUT EACH IN EACH “PLACE” MULTILINGUALISM >>> HEGEMONIC LANGUAGE IN RELATION TO SECONDARY ONES (GARCIA) MULTILINGUALISM >>> ADDITIVE (CANAGARAJAH) ADD LANGUAGES , BUT THEY DO NOT MIX OR INTERMINGLE

GLOBALIZATION MESHED LANGUAGES MORE VISIBILITY TO LANGUAGES (EVEN THOUGH ENGLISH HEGEMONY PREVAILS) TRANSNATIONAL CONTACTS MIGRATION TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

2 KEY CONCEPTS COMMUNICATION TRANSCENDS INDIVIDUAL LANGUAGE COMMUNICATION TRANSCENDS WORDS AND INVOLVES DIVERSE SEMIOTIC RESOURCES AND ECOLOGICAL AFFORDANCES

EMERGENT TERMS POLY-LINGUAL LANGUAGING (JORGENSEN) HETERO-GRAPHY BLOMMAERT) METROLINGUISTIC S OR METROLINGUALIS M (PENNYCOOK) PLURILINGUALISM (COUNCIL OF EUROPE)

MONOLINGUALISM

MONOLINGUALISM II

CRITIQUE ON TRANSLINGUALISM Kubota (2014) suggests that the wide-ranging translingual approaches draw attention away from questions of power, politics, access, and socio-economic background, romanticising the multiplicity of local language use and uncritically supporting ‘diversity, plurality, flexibility, individualism, and cosmopolitanism, while perpetuating color-blindness and racism

RESEARCH

PEDAGOGIES

ELT – RESEARCH INDUSTRY

METROLINGUALISM - DEFINITION Metrolingualism describes the ways in which people of different and mixed backgrounds use, play with and negotiate identities through language; it does not assume connections between language, culture, ethnicity, nationality or geography, but rather seeks to explore how such relations are produced, resisted, defied or rearranged; its focus is not on language systems but on languages as emergent from contexts of interaction.

KW>> CONTEMPORARY URBAN SPACES We intend to take such observations further, however, as part of an exploration of language use in contemporary urban environments that seeks to move away from ascriptions of language and identity along conventional statist correlations among nation, language and ethnicity

CHALLENGES AUTHENTICITY, OWNERSHIP As Heller (2007 b, p. 343) puts it, ‘languages turn out to be floating around in unexpected places’. Examples such as this have led us to question not only a one-to-one association among language, ethnicity, nation and territory, but also the authenticity and ownership of language which is based on conventional language ideology.

Rather than describing such language phenomena in terms of monolingualism, bilingualism, code-mixing or code-switching, we shall look at this in terms of what we have called metrolingualism

MULTILINGUALISM TO METROLINGUALISM Current cultural, social, geopolitical and linguistic thinking is predominated by a celebration of multiplicity, hybridity and diversity. Within this trend, terminology such as multiculturalism, multilingualism and cosmopolitanism are taken as a focus and a desirable norm in various fields including academia, policy-making and education.

DISCRETE – SEPARATE multilingualism and multiculturalism is that people and associated practices are composed of multiple discrete languages and cultural practices.

And yet, at the same time, we also want to pick up on a second contradictory strand in common thinking about multiplicity: on the one hand, the celebration of multiple allows for difference and dynamism providing new possibilities to society and people. On the other hand, its antagonistic view towards pre-given fixed ascriptions of cultural identities chastised for being essentialist often fails to acknowledge the contribution that such pre-given identities have in becoming different

METROETHNICITY Metroethnicity, he explains, is ‘a reconstruction of ethnicity: a hybridised ‘‘street’’ ethnicity deployed by a crosssection of people with ethnic or mainstream backgrounds who are oriented towards cultural hybridity, cultural/ethnic tolerance and a multicultural lifestyle in friendships, music, the arts, eating and dress’ (Maher, 2005, p. 83). People of different backgrounds now ‘play with ethnicity (not necessarily their own) for aesthetic effect. Metroethnicity is skeptical of heroic ethnicity and bored with sentimentalism about ethnic language’ (Maher, 2005, p. 83).

Metrolingualism, therefore, is centrally concerned with language ideologies, practices, resources and repertoires: a focus on language ideologies (Blommaert, 1999; Seargeant, 2009) provides an understanding of the ways in which languages need to be understood in terms of the local perspectives of the users, and the different struggles to represent language in one way or another; an understanding of language

Metrolingualism, therefore, can be conceived as the paradoxical practice and space where fixity, discreteness, fluidity, hybridity, locality and globality coexist and co-constitute each other. This is different from multilingualism, which is either based on a pluralization of fixed linguistic categories, or hybridisation, which cannot accord any legitimacy to the mobilisation of fixity. Metrolingualism, by contrast, can assign an alternative meaning to essentialism as part of a process of social change. What therefore sets metrolingualism apart is its productive power to overcome common ways of framing language, its capacity to deal with contemporary language practices, and its ability to accommodate both fixity and fluidity in its approach to mobile language use.

PART 3 – HANDS ON

NEXT CLASS 12 (27/05) BRING OR EMAIL OR FINAL PRESENTATION PROPOSALS Class 13 (03/06/19) – Themes: Sociolinguistics, Language Policy, Language education Text 11 – CALVET (2011) – As políticas linguísticas Complementary: CANAGARAJAH 2013 Navigating language politics

THANK YOU!!!