Socioemotional Development in Early Adulthood Chapter 14 2015

Socioemotional Development in Early Adulthood Chapter 14 © 2015 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

Chapter Outline • Stability and change from childhood to adulthood • Attraction, love, and close relationships • Adult lifestyles • Marriage and the family 14 - 2 © 2015 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

Stability and Change From Childhood to Adulthood • Temperament – Individual’s behavioral style and characteristic emotional responses • Easy and difficult temperaments • Inhibition • Ability to control one’s emotions 14 - 3 © 2015 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

Stability and Change From Childhood to Adulthood • Attachment – Secure attachment style: Have a positive view of relationships and find it easy to get close to others – Avoidant attachment style: Are hesitant about getting involved in romantic relationships – Anxious attachment style: Demand closeness, are less trusting, more emotional, jealous, and possessive 14 - 4 © 2015 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

Figure 14. 1 - Temperament in Childhood, Personality In Adulthood, and Intervening Contexts 14 - 5 © 2015 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

Attraction, Love, and Close Relationships • Attraction – First impressions – Familiarity and similarity • People seek others who have similar attitudes, values, and lifestyles – Consensual validation: Our own attitudes and values are supported when someone else’s are similar to ours 14 - 6 © 2015 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

Attraction, Love, and Close Relationships – Physical attractiveness • Standards of what is attractive change over time and across cultures • Matching hypothesis: We choose partners who match our own level of attractiveness 14 - 7 © 2015 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

Attraction, Love, and Close Relationships • The faces of love – Intimacy • Self-disclosure and the sharing of private thoughts • Erikson - Intimacy vs. isolation – Intimacy is finding oneself while losing oneself in another person – Failure to achieve intimacy results in social isolation • Intimacy and independence – Balance between intimacy and commitment, and independence and freedom 14 - 8 © 2015 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

Attraction, Love, and Close Relationships – Friendship • Gender differences in friendships • Friendships between women and men – Romantic love: Passionate love, or eros – Strong components of sexuality and infatuation – Affectionate love: Companionate love – Desires to have the other person near – Based on a deep and caring affection – Consummate love - Strongest form of love 14 - 9 © 2015 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

Figure 14. 2 - Sternberg’s Triangle of Love 14 - 10 © 2015 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

Attraction, Love, and Close Relationships • Falling out of love – Ending a close relationship may be wise if: • You are obsessed with a person who repeatedly betrays your trust • You are involved with someone who is draining you emotionally or financially or both • You are desperately in love with someone who does not return your feelings 14 - 11 © 2015 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

Adult Lifestyles • Single adults – Stereotypes associated with being single range from: • Swinging single to the desperately lonely, suicidal single – Common problems • Forming intimate relationships with other adults • Confronting loneliness • Finding a place in a society that is marriage-oriented 14 - 12 © 2015 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

Adult Lifestyles – Advantages Having time to make decisions about one’s life course Time to develop personal resources to meet goals Freedom to make autonomous decisions Pursue one’s own schedule and interests Opportunities to explore new places and try out new things • Privacy • • • 14 - 13 © 2015 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

Adult Lifestyles • Cohabiting adults – Living together in a sexual relationship without being married – Reasons for cohabiting • Spend time together • Share expenses • Evaluate compatibility – Lower marital satisfaction and increased likelihood of divorce 14 - 14 © 2015 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

Figure 14. 4 - The Increase in Cohabitation in the United States 14 - 15 © 2015 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

Adult Lifestyles • Married adults – Marital trends • Marriage rates in the U. S. have declined in recent years • In 2011, the U. S. average for a first marriage climbed to 28. 7 years for men and 26. 5 years for women • Marriage in adolescence is more likely to end in divorce • Average duration of a marriage in the United States is currently just over nine years 14 - 16 © 2015 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

Figure 14. 5 - Percentage of Married Persons Age 18 and Older with “Very Happy” Marriages 14 - 17 © 2015 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

Adult Lifestyles – Cross-cultural comparisons • Aspects of marriage vary across cultures • Domesticity is valued in some cultures but not others • Religion plays an important role in many cultures – Premarital education • Occurs in a group • Focuses on relationship advice • Ranged from several hours to 20 hours – With a median of 8 hours • Lower risk of subsequent marital distress and divorce 14 - 18 © 2015 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

Adult Lifestyles – Benefits of a good marriage • Happily married people: – Live longer, healthier lives – Feel less physical and emotional stress 14 - 19 © 2015 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

Adult Lifestyles • Divorced adults – Factors • • • Youthful marriage Low educational level Low income level Not having a religious affiliation Having divorced parents Having a baby before marriage 14 - 20 © 2015 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

Figure 14. 6 - The Divorce Rate in Relation to Number of Years Married 14 - 21 © 2015 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

Adult Lifestyles • Remarried adults – Remarriage occurs sooner for partners who initiate a divorce – More unstable than first marriages – Have higher rates of depression but improved financial status 14 - 22 © 2015 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

Adult Lifestyles • Gay and lesbian adults – Similar to heterosexual relationships in satisfactions and conflicts – Contrary to common misconceptions, research suggests: • Masculine/feminine roles are relatively uncommon • Only a small segment of the gay male population has a large number of sexual partners, and this is uncommon among lesbians • Gays and lesbians prefer long-term, committed relationships 14 - 23 © 2015 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

Marriage and the Family • Making marriage work – 7 principles of a working marriage • • Establishing love maps Nurturing fondness and admiration Turning toward each other instead of away Letting your partner influence you Solving solvable conflicts Overcoming gridlock Creating shared meaning 14 - 24 © 2015 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

Marriage and the Family • Becoming a parent – Parenting myths and reality • Myths – The birth of a child will save a failing marriage – The child will think, feel, and behave like the parents did in their childhood – Having a child gives the parents a second chance at achievement – Parenting is an instinct and requires no training 14 - 25 © 2015 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

Marriage and the Family – Trends in childbearing • By giving birth to fewer children and reducing the demands of child care, women free up a significant portion of their life spans for other endeavors • Men are apt to invest a greater amount of time in fathering • Parental care is often supplemented by institutional care 14 - 26 © 2015 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

Marriage and the Family • Dealing with divorce – Divorced adults: • Difficulty in trusting someone else in a romantic relationship 14 - 27 © 2015 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

Marriage and the Family – Six pathways in exiting divorce • • • The enhancers The good-enoughs The seekers The libertines The competent loners The defeated 14 - 28 © 2015 by Mc. Graw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.