SocioCultural Issues Affecting Performance Contemporary Issues Modern Technology

Socio-Cultural Issues Affecting Performance Contemporary Issues Modern Technology and its impact on elite level sport, participation, fair outcomes and entertainment

Learning Objectives Learning Objective: Understand the impact of technology on sport Learning Outcomes: All: Describe the use of different forms of technology in sport Most: Explain how modern technology has impacted on elite sport, participation, fair outcomes and entertainment Some: Evaluate the impact of technology on elite sport, participation, fair outcomes and entertainment

Key Terms • • • Modern technology Elite level sport Participation Fair play Entertainment

Technology and Sport Technology in sport – is it cheating? • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=a. ZJSMxsjim. Q Overview of technology in sport https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=dq. DZftg. B 2 lw Technology in Sport • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Zaa. IIEANc 0 I How technology has revolutionised training • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=XZOVRr_X 2 FI Adidas mi. Coach, Google Glass and Future Technology in Sport | Fast Forward #4 • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=uka. GTibw. XSg Goal-line technology: Hawk-Eye explained • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=ex. EHTO-Ynu. E Exercise Physiologist Demonstrating VO 2 Max Testing • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=A 2 z 0 l 9 B 6 a. GE What is a force plate? What does it measure? • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=e 0 Snzv. VDr 4 I Sports Science heat chamber at the University of Sunderland • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=3 C 7 a_s 4 Ri. Jw Nike Sport Research: The Art of Science • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=g 8 QIYf. Ws. YDg Prosthetic Science • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=b. O-g. IZc. W 9 Ao Gene editing and the future of doping in sport • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=s 6 IFWBH 6_fs Are athletes really getting faster, better, stronger? | David Epstein • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=8 COa. MKb. Nr. X 0

Technology + Elite level sport • Access • It can help assess whether someone has the potential to be an elite athlete and which sports suit them or if they have the right physiological make-up • E. g. EIS / UK Sport test potential rowers using bone density and internal body fat measurements • It can help assess health through screening devices • Facilities • Sports Science units for physiological and biomechanical testing • E. g. Hypoxic training chambers • E. g. 3 D lab based gait analysis • Specialised and improved facilities for able-bodied and disabled athletes – Bisham Abey National Sports Ventre - £ 2 million for elite training and rehab facilities for 2012

Technology + Elite level sport • Equipment • Prosthetic devices for paralympians • E. g. springlite prosthesis for runners missing a lower limb • E. g. wheelchairs with sharply slanted back wheels for tennis players to allow quicker movement across court. • E. g. lighter rackets and protective gear that’s more durable enabling improved performance • Specially designed trainers and sports shoes for athletics • Precision hydration techniques to assess sweat content in sports people to work out the most effective tablet for each athlete to replace electrolytes lost. • Monitoring of exercise • E. g. Speed gates for accurate times • E. g. Spirometry testing – lung function • E. g. Vo 2 Max testing • Safety • E. g. harnesses / landing mats in gymnastics • E. g. improvements made to the safety standards of cricketers helmets after Philip Hughes died in 2014 after a ball struck him at the top of his neck • Ingestible computers transmiting data on a player’s vital functions such as BP, body temp.

Technology + Participation • Access • Improved access to buildings e. g. wheelchair accessibility and swimming pool hoists • Improved sports surfaces /facilities • E. g. 3 G/4 G astro • Sprung floors in sportshalls providing rebound or slip resistance, improving shock absorption and optimum playing conditions with protection from injury • Artificial lighting to allow evening matches • Equipment • Wearable computer devices measuring HR / amount of activity undertaken which can lead to more regular, efficient exercise and boost motivation to improve health and well-being e. g. fitbit, applewatch. • Apps / social media to give people workouts and information on how to train

Technology + Participation • Cost • Modern technology is expensive- leading to inequality for elite and recreational performers especially in developing countries • Lack of facilities, especially in certain countries and lack of financial means prevents some countries from hosting large sporting events. • However modern technology is not imperative at general participation level so it shouldn’t inhibit participation. • Range of alternatives to physical activity and sport • It’s greatly helped people with disabilities to safely participate in activities such as wheelchair basketball and skiing. • Other types of technology such as computer games consoles can make people more sedentary and less likely to take part • Greater access to watching sports on TV can also reduce participation.

Technology + Fair outcomes Increased fair outcomes • Better timing devices – e. g. speed gates • Increased accountability of officials – eg. Hawkeye, action replay, video referee • More accurate decision making • Improved detection of foul play • Improved detection of doping Limited fair outcomes • Access to modern technology can be limited • Performance enhancing drug testing technology cannot keep up with new drug development (gene therapy) • Pressure on officials due to the exposure and scrutiny of their decisions

Technology + Entertainment Increased entertainment • Action replays • Multiple camera angles • Slow motion technology • Improved analysis • Punditry Reduced entertainment • Interruption / delay • Adverts, video playback, analysis from pundits • Reduced live attendances • Cheaper / easier to watch on TV / internet / radio, especially with highlights and replays you can watch when it suits you