Society and Its types Created By Dr Mukhtar

Society and Its types Created By Dr. Mukhtar Hussain Department of Sociology Govt. P. G. College Rajouri

What is a society? n a shared, learned, symbolic system of values, beliefs and attitudes that shapes and influences perception and behavior -- an abstract "mental blueprint" or "mental code. " n. A shared perception of reality n Commonly known as “Commonly known as” n Common sense n “They say” n “Everybody knows” n

Let’s build a society An individual n Two people n More than two… n Or twenty million n 1 st purpose of a society: reduce friction between people in the society n 2 nd purpose: separate one society from others n

Types of Societies n Societies across the world change based on environment, interaction, and time.

Groups n A set of people who interact on the basis of shared expectations n who possess some degree of common identity n n Largest groups we study are societies.

Subsistence Strategies n This is how sociologists tend to classify societies n Subsistence strategies n The way a society uses technology to provide for the needs of its members.

Preindustrial Societies n Food production is the highest priority n n Carried out through the use of human and animal labor Groups of preindustrial societies n Hunting and gathering n Pastoral n Horticultural n Agricultural

Hunting and Gathering Societies n Collect food daily by n n Hunting wild animals Collecting wild fruit and vegetables n Everyone hunts and gathers n Constantly move in search of food n Usually live in temporary housing n n Huts tepees

Pastoral Societies n Rely on domesticated herd animals for food n n Sheep Cattle Lamb Less people needed to work for food in society n Division of labor n Some people become craftworkers, mothers, etc.

Horticultural Societies n Grow food in farms n Have high level of technology n Use slash and burn tactics for crops n n n Wild vegetation is burned Ash turns into compost for new farming. Large division of labor n Strictly because of surplus of food

Agricultural Societies n Animals pull plows to till fields and farms n Technology allows farming to make large surplus of food n n n Bartering does not take place n n Silos Tractors Plows Irrigation Use money Large division of labor

Industrial Societies n Instead of focusing on food, they focus on production of goods! n How? n n Produce goods using machines! n n Buy food from other people! Sell for much higher price. Causes urbanization n Concentration of population in urban areas

Postindustrial Societies n Economy focuses on providing information and services. n In US, 73% of workforce do this. n n 2% work in agriculture 25% produce goods n Place strong emphasis on science and technology n Society is stable

The first great change

Domestication of animals

Irrigation

Canals

Fields

Granary

Class and Clothing

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