Social Work Philosophy Methods and Settings Important Questions

Social Work Philosophy, Methods and Settings Important Questions and Answers Discussion Wishing you all the best.

Social Work Features of social work Goals and objectives Changing approaches in • Charity organization society 1869 Social Work • Social Change Principle of social work • Prominient theory of social Professional practice change principles of social work • Characteristics of social change Philosophy of social work • Social movement Importance of philosophy of • Types of social movement social work • Social movement theories History of social work • Stages of social movement • Condition of Social movement • Social movements in Nepal Topics

◦ Professional and academic discipline committed to the pursuit of social welfare and social change. ◦ To improve the quality of life and to the development of the potential of each individual, group and community of a society. ◦ Interventions through research, policy, community organizing, direct practice and teaching. ◦ Research is often focused on areas such as human development, social policy, public administration, program evaluation and international and community development. ◦ Social workers are organized into local, national, continental and international professional bodies. ◦ An interdisciplinary field, includes theories from economics, education, medicine, philosophy, politics, psychology, and sociology, as well as anti-oppressive and antiracist discourse. Social Work

Aim of social work is to help others to help themselves Team approach ◦ Multidimensional ◦ Generic/Generalist Features of Social Work

To integrate the knowledge, values, and skills in settings with individuals, families, groups, organizations, institutions, and communities. To become competent and effective professionals, To develop social work knowledge, Providing leadership with improved service delivery system To continue their own professional growth Acculturate to the profession through the study of the history, purposes, and philosophy, including practice without discrimination. Providing direct services to diverse populations Providing social and economic justice for all citizens. To engage in activities that promote social well being. Goals of Social Work

◦ Understanding and respect for the positive value of diversity. ◦ Identify and assess problems in the relationship between people and social institutions (including service gaps), plan for their resolution, and evaluate their outcomes. ◦ Understand the forms and mechanisms of oppression and discrimination and the strategies of change that advance social and economic justice. ◦ Communicate effectively with others in a purposeful way, encouraging open and trusting relationships. ◦ Understand the history, purposes, and philosophy of the social work profession and its contemporary structures and issues. ◦ Practice without discrimination and with respect, knowledge, and skills related to clients’ age, class, color, culture, disability, ethnicity, family structure, gender, marital status, national origin, race, religion, sex, and sexual orientation. ◦ Apply the knowledge and skills of generalist social work practice with systems of all sizes, including rural systems. Objectives of Social Work (I)

◦ Demonstrate the professional use of self. ◦ Use communication skills differentially with a variety of client populations, colleagues, and communities. ◦ Apply critical thinking skills within the context of professional social work practice. ◦ Analyze, formulate, and influence social policies and how they impact client systems, workers, and agencies. ◦ Understand agency structure, allocation of role performance, and the impact of organizational power and policies on client systems and, under supervision seek necessary organizational change. ◦ Evaluate research studies and apply findings to practice, evaluate their own practice interventions and those of relevant systems. ◦ Use supervision and consultation appropriate to social work practice. ◦ Use theoretical frameworks supported by empirical evidence to understand individual development and behavior across the life span and the interactions among individuals and between individuals and families, groups, organizations, and communities. Objectives of Social Work (II)

Charity based Need based Welfare based Right based Participatory based Changing approaches in Social Work

Confidentiality Acceptance Individualization Non-judgmental Client-worker relationship Controlled emotional involvement Purposeful expression of feelings Self- determination Respect human diversity Seek personal and professional growths Principles of Social Work

Principles of Social Work

The client can be accepted but the each activities of his life might not be approved Accept drunkard and disapprove his drinking behavior Acceptance is a principle of action, where in the social workers perceive and deal with the client as he really is, including his strength and weakness, congenial and uncongenial qualities, his positive and negative feelings, his constructive and destructive attitude and behavior, maintaining all the while a sense of client innate dignity and personal worth. Acceptance Vs. Approval

Social justice Empowerment Equal access to all societal members Philosophy of Social Work

Guidelines Support Frame of reference Value Ethical issue/ethical dilemma Justice, human rights, participation Importance of Philosophy

Social work has its roots in the struggle of society to deal with poverty and the resultant problems. Therefore, social work is intricately linked with the idea of charity work; but must be understood in broader terms. The concept of charity goes back to ancient times, and the practice of providing for the poor has roots in all major world religions. History of Social Work (I)

Originated in 19 th century. The movement began primarily in USA and England Poor were seen a threat and formed a system to take care Poor law was formed in England ◦ Abled body, Impotent and Idle poor ◦ Different responses for different groups of poor Industrial revolution and migration led to many social problems History of Social Work (II)

Industrial revolution and migration led to many social problems, which in turn led to an increase in social activism Mission efforts attempted to resolve the problems like poverty, prostitution, disease and other afflictions. A new philosophy of scientific charity emerged, which stated charity should be “secular rational and empirical as opposed to sectarian, sentimental and dogmatic” In late 1880 s, settlement movement to provide aid for social ill, focused on causes of poverty through (3 R) : Research, Reform and Residence History of Social Work (III)

English History of Social Work ◦ Industrial revolution was the major cause of these changes as socio economic conditions changed, resulting in massive growth of cities ◦ First social workers : Hospital Almoners, based in medical institutions ◦ Mary Stewart was the first almoner in 1895, her role was to assess the people requesting treatment at hospital to ensure they were deserving enough. ◦ In 1905, most social workers were trained as nurses History of Social Work (IV)

Thomas Chalmer Criticism of poor law ◦ Doles should be stopped ◦ Relief coordinate ◦ Proper investigate Charity Organization Society, 1869

Job Medical treatment Financial support Education Encouragement for creative plans Other contributions of COS

Society moves forward by dialectical or evolutionary means Alteration of social structure of a social group a society Notion of social progress and socio cultural evolution Paradigmatic change in socio economic structure Also refers to social revolution, communist revolution in marxism, women’s suffrage or civil rights movement It may be driven by cultural, religious, economic, scientific or technological forces. Social Change

Hegelian ◦ Marxist ◦ Presents materialistic concept Kuhnian ◦ Change is based on the interaction of opposing forces The paradigm is not functioning properly until a better one can be presented Daoist ◦ The metaphor of water as the ideal agent of change. Water although soft and yielding will eventually wear away stone. Heraclitan ◦ The metaphor or river; For the river to remain the river change must constantly be taking place Mac Iver Page ◦ Social change refers to the process responsive to many types of changes. Prominent Theories of Social Change

Continuous Temporary Environmental May create chain reactions May be planned or unplanned Collective actions Oriented towards social change Ideology behind movement Organizational Framework Characteristics Social Change

Change

Germal sociologist Lorenz Von stein “History of French Social Movement from 1789 to Present (1850)” Early growth of social movement was connected to broad economic and political changes including parlimentalization, market capitalization, proletarianization. Political movements evolved in late 18 th century First documented social movements are French Revolutoin and Polish Constitution May 3, 1791. Social Movement (I)

Late 19 th century movements : labor movement and socialist movements leading to formation of communist and social democratic parties and organizations. After the second world war, Women’s right, Gay rights, peace, civil rights, anti nuclear and environmental movement emerged. In the end of 1990 s, the emergence of new global social movement, the anti globalization movement Some social movement scholars posit with the rapid pace of globalization, Global Citizens Movement is termed. Social Movement (II)

On the basis of scope ◦ Reform and Radical movements On the basis of change ◦ Innovation and Conservative movements On the basis of targets ◦ Group focused and Individual focused movements Types of Social Movements (I)

• On the basis of methods – Peaceful and Violent movements • On the basis of old and new – Old and New movements • On the basis of range – Local and Global movements Types of Social Movements (II)

Dynamics of Social Movements

• The preliminary stage – Confused and scattered • The popular stage – Charismatic leaders • The formal organization – Plan, programs and alliances Stages of Social Movements (I)

• Institutionalization – Starts leading • Dissolution stage – Changed and complete organization Stages of Social Movements (II)

• Individuals must experience common issues which are threat for society • The reactions for issues must be a strong emotional dissatisfaction • Personal Values must be there Conditions of Social Movements

• Sorry records of social movements in Nepal • The character and work of Nepali civil society • Environment for regime change • The strategy and the role of citizens and civil groups in Janaandolan II Social Movements in Nepal

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