Social Research Methods MAN10 Erlan Bakiev Ph D
Social Research Methods MAN-10 Erlan Bakiev, Ph. D Experimental Research Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Types of Research Questions • • Causal relationships Ethical and practical limitations Capable of manipulation conditions Narrow in scope – Confounding variables • Generally good for micro-level data • Convention Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
History of Experimental Design • • • Wilhelm M. Wundt (1832 -1920) Behaviorism Quantification Introduction of anonymity Applied research Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Random Assignment Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Random Sampling Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
How to Random Assign Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Matching vs. Random Assignment • Matching • Random Assignment Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Experimental Design Logic Language of Experiments • • • Subjects Treatment Pretest Posttest Experimental group Control group Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Experimental Design Logic Steps in an Experiment • Hypothesis • Choose a design • Design experiment – How to introduce IV – How to measure DV • • Locate subjects Randomly assign subjects Gather pretest data Run experiment – – Introduce treatment Measure DV Gather posttest data Debrief • Analyze data Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Experimental Design Logic Control in Experiments • Controlling all aspects of the experiment • Deception • Confederate Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Classical Experimental Design Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Preexperimental Design Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Quasi-experimental Design • • • Two-Group Posttest-Only Interrupted Time Series Equivalent Time Series Latin Square Solomon Four-Group Factorial Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Quasi-experimental Design Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Internal and External Validity Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Internal Validity • Threats to internal validity – – – – Selection bias History Maturation Testing Instrumentation Experimental mortality Statistical regression Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Internal Validity • Threats to internal validity – Diffusion of treatment – Compensatory behavior – Experimenter expectancy • Double-blind/Single-blind – Demand characteristics – Placebo effect • Manipulation check Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
External Validity • Population generalization • Naturalistic generalization – Mundane realism – Reactivity • Hawthorne effect • Theoretical generalization – Experimental realism Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
External Validity Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Practical Considerations • Planning and pilot tests • Instructions to subjects • Postexperiment interview – Debrief Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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