Social Psychology Attitude Attraction Aggression Group Behavior Studying
Social Psychology Attitude Attraction Aggression Group Behavior Studying the way people relate to others.
Aim: How do we form impressions? Are the impressions of people usually accurate? DO NOW: Get new packets Homework: • Read text pps. 284 - 286 • Valentine Assignment Due 2/14 *See me if you didn’t get this!
What do these quotes have in common? What do they mean? • “You don’t get a 2 nd chance to make a good first impression” • “Don’t judge a book by its cover” http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Rx. PZh 4 An. Wyk
Social Cognition mental processes which influence how we perceive and react to groups or individuals. Study of…. • How we think about ourselves • How we form attitudes • How we interpret information about others, form impressions and draw conclusions about reasons for their behaviors
Consider the your first impressions of the people in the following paintings. 1. What factors influenced your impression formation? 2. What are some other factors about a person that may influence our impression formation? Give examples.
• Describe the personality traits/ moods of the girl in this painting. • Explain why you think she has those traits.
• Describe the personality traits/ moods of the young man in this painting. • Explain why you think he has those traits.
• Describe the personality traits/ moods of the woman in this painting. • Explain why you think she has those traits.
• Describe the personality traits/ moods of the woman in this painting. • Explain why you think she has those traits.
Bias in Attribution Formation • We tend to be logical in explaining people’s behaviors but sometimes we make biases to distort our views of behaviors and as a result can have…. . • Social Effects • Political Effects • Workplace Effects
• Works for one of fortune 500 Company • Has tattoos • With the digital age images of us are on line and accessed. • People judge us
• How would your opinion change if you knew she had frequent temper tantrums?
• How would your opinion change if you knew he did not want to be a cadet?
• How would your opinion change if you found out that she had just lost a loved one?
• How would your opinion change if you found out that she is going blind?
ATTRIBUTIONS • Process by which we explain the causes of peoples behavior , including our own. • Heider (1958) – People are naïve scientists • 2 Types of attributions… INTERNAL/ DISPOSITIONAL • When you consider the personality or something about the individual which may have contributed to the event. EXTERNAL/ SITUATIONAL • When you consider something about the environment/ situation that may have caused the event.
Check For Understanding • Complete Part I– p. 3 • Identify as Internal (Dispositional) OR External (Situational)
Kelley (1967) p. 3 People use 3 types of info to arrive at either a personal (internal) or situational (external) attribution. – Consistency: does the person act the same way with the stimulus at other times? – Distinctiveness: does the person act the same way with other stimuli? – Consensus: do other people act the same way with the stimulus? • *You are at a restaurant waiting for your friend to show up. He/ she is late. Most of us will look for explanations of why he or she is late? What could be the reasons?
Mr. Brown can’t start his car. Is it Mr. Brown or the car? • Consistency info: does he always have this problem? • Distinctiveness info: can he start other cars? • Consensus info: can other people start his car?
Mr. Brown Problem • He often has this problem – High consistency • Others have no problem starting his car – Low consensus • He can’t start other cars – Low distinctiveness Attribution? • Personal attribution Something’s wrong with Mr. Brown.
Mr. Brown Problem • He often has this problem – High consistency • Others can’t start his car either – High consensus • He can start other cars – High distinctiveness Attribution? • Situational attribution Something’s wrong with the car
Kelley’s Attribution Theory • High consistency, high distinctiveness, high consensus situational attribution • High consistency, low distinctiveness, low consensus personal attribution
Sally failed her chemistry test. Is it Sally’s fault? • She usually fails chemistry – High consistency • Everyone else passed – Low consensus • She fails other tests – Low distinctiveness Attribution? • Personal (e. g. , Sally’s not so smart)
Sally Problem • She usually fails chem. – High consistency • Others failed – High consensus • She doesn’t fail in other classes – High distinctiveness Attribution? • Situation (e. g. , test was difficult)
Check For Understanding • Complete Part II – p. 3 • Identify as Internal (Dispositional) OR External (Situational)
Page 7 Page 8 • Pick a scandalous celebrity. . Kim OR Miley • Circle one of the 3 traits for # 1 – 15 • * note last column depends on situation • Complete p. 8 for yourself • Circle one of the 3 traits for # 1 – 15 • * note last column depends on situation
Aim: How do we form impressions? Are the impressions of people usually accurate? DO NOW: Review – what is the difference between an internal and external attribution. Homework: • Read text pps. 286 – 292 • Valentine Assignment Due 2/14 *See me if you didn’t get this!
Fundamental Attribution Error • We tend to overestimate the role of dispositional factors, and underestimate…. . . • Individualistic V. Collectivistic Cultures • In Western culture we ten to blame the individual (ie a murderer is evil) How do you view your teacher’s behavior? You probably attribute it to their personality rather than their profession. But do you really know? https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=m. Dhiy. PAD 6 NQ
Attribution At Work
Another attribution error we make is called… Actor-Observer Effect • The tendency to attribute the causes of one’s own behavior to situational factors while attributing the causes of other people’s behavior to internal factors of • dispositions (You are in the • situation!) • The opposite of FAE If you saw this man slip and fall you would think…. But if you were the one who slipped and fell it was because…. .
Actor Observer Bias (or effect) • HAS A COMPARISON of you to others or two people • AKA … “I’m good; You’re Lucky!
• Not only are we biased in how we attribute behaviors, but we are biased in just about everything about us. • Self-serving bias – The tendency to take credit for good outcomes and to try to explain away our failures (attribute your success to personal and your own failures to situational) – If I coach the softball team and we win, it is because of my great coaching. – When we lose it is 1. the bad playing conditions, or 2. lack of team talent • *People serve themselves by making themselves look good. Tends to happen in Western cultures….
Listen to the story. List the characters in descending order of responsibility. 1. Most Responsible 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Least Responsible
Just World Hypothesis • Tendency to blame the victim and believe people get what they deserve • Why does it happen? • Why do we do this? • How is it adaptive? Maladaptive? “The Accused” with Jodi Foster https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=G 9 n. Ya 7 r. Qfp. Y --------
Social Cognition: How you think about people? • How do you construct your social cognition? – Primacy effect • Early information about someone weighs more than later information in forming impressions • We are “cognitive misers” – Self-fulfilling prophecy • A person’s expectations about another elicits behavior from the other person that confirms the expectations (Rosenthal and Jacobsen “Bloomer Study”) • “Hostile” partners continued to be more hostile
So when are we more likely to make and internal vs. external attribution? • Read the case of Tim Hanks p. ____
Wrap Up • On your note-sheet, come up with your own example of FAE, Actor Observer, or Self Serving Bias. Include a negative and positive outcome.
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