Social Media Distress NPAIHB SMAHRT PIs Stephanie Craig

Social Media & Distress NPAIHB & SMAHRT PIs: Stephanie Craig Rushing, Ph. D, MPH Megan Moreno, MD, MSEd, MPH SMAHRT Project Lead: Jesse Gritton, MPH Quarterly Board Meeting Grand Ronde, OR April 21, 2015

Our team Our mission as the Social Media & Adolescent Health Research Team is to advance society’s understanding of the relationships between media and adolescent health towards educating adolescents, providing better care, and developing innovations in adolescent healthcare. Our values include: -An interdisciplinary approach with emphasis on using ethical and sound research practices -Partnering with other researchers, educators, clinicians and community members in the development and translation of our research findings -A diverse and collaborative research team

Study Questions • How do adolescents view, interpret and act on peers’ displayed social media references regarding mental health concerns? • What do adolescents identify to be useful in providing early intervention or support for youth whose social media disclosures may suggest harm to oneself or others?

Youth Focus Groups Please join us in this effort! Who: Youth 14 -24 years old When: April-August 2015 Where: Youth conferences, NW region Contact Information: Jesse Gritton Jesse. gritton@seattlechildrens. org 206 -884 -8261

Cyberbullying Among Adolescents Project Leader: Nikita Midamba, MS Principal investigator: Megan Moreno, MD, MSEd, MPH

SMAHRT • Our vision is to provide education to adolescents and families towards safe internet use, to develop tools to assess internet use and define problematic internet use, and to both create and interpret messages within social media to promote healthy behaviors.

Bullying • Why is this topic important? • Bullying is both a public health and criminal justice problem • Bullying occurs across the world and at many stages in the life course • Childhood “schoolyard” bullying • Adolescent bullying • Workplace bullies

Bullying • Traditional bullying is still an issue • Defined by the CDC • “Bullying is any unwanted aggressive behavior(s) by another youth or group of youths who are not siblings or current dating partners that involves an observed or perceived power imbalance and is repeated multiple times or is highly likely to be repeated. Bullying may inflict harm or distress on the targeted youth including physical, psychological, social, or educational harm. ” • Many of the prevention and intervention programs available target schools, kids and families

Cyberbullying • In recent years, technology has provided new platforms on which bullying can occur • Social networking sites: Facebook, Twitter, You. Tube, Instagram • Text messaging and mobile phone pictures • Online games

Cyberbullying Negative Outcomes – Negative impact on emotional development • Higher rates of depression, emotional distress, anger, sadness, detachment • Lower self-esteem – Negative impact on academic development • More missed school days, more delinquency • Lower grades – Media coverage of several suicides related to cyberbullying

Cyberbullying Negative Outcomes • Negative consequences are not limited to the victim • Many victims become bullies themselves, called ‘bully/victims’ • Bullies are more likely to • • Be convicted of a crime in adulthood Report difficulty making friends Have poor performance in school Be at risk for abusing drugs and alcohol

Cyberbullying Prevalence • It is challenging to know the prevalence of cyberbullying because of varied definitions • Several definitions of cyberbullying exist, but there is little consensus on how to define it • Broad: “mean things online” • Narrow: “harassment using text messages and chat rooms”

Cyberbullying Research Stud y 1 2 3 Cyberbullying Definition “Harassing using technology such as email, computer, cell phone, video cameras, etc. ” “Mean things” or “Anything that someone does that upsets or offends someone else” “Making rude or nasty comments to someone on the internet or using the internet to harass or embarrass someone with whom [they were] mad” Age Group Prevalence Found 12 -15 yrs 25% 12 -17 yrs 72% 10 -17 yrs 7%

Cyberbullying Research • Prevalence rates range 7 -72% • The lack of a standardized definition of electronic harassment is undoubtedly the cause, making it difficult to determine the magnitude of this problem.

Purpose of our Study Overall Goal: • To better understand this issue so that we may improve prevention and intervention efforts to reduce cyberbullying amongst our teens Objective: • Develop an evidence-based definition of electronic harassment and a related measurement tool

Methods • For this project we are using a Concept Mapping approach • A method in which a group of ideas are represented as a picture or a map. This method is effective when a group of people want to develop a conceptual framework for evaluation or planning.

Methods • This type of project has 5 stages: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. • Preparation: Determine desired outcome of study, identify relevant stakeholders, determine how stakeholders will be engaged throughout process Brainstorming: gather knowledge and opinions from stakeholders Sort and Rank: Organize ideas into groups and assign values to ideas Representation: cluster map and pattern matching Interpretation: stakeholder-based interpretation We are at the Interpretation phase

Methods: Brainstorming. Please provide an example of cyberbullying/electronic harassment: It is ok to include a description of the situation, and characteristics of the bully and victim. Please don’t provide any names. • Please complete this sentence with as many descriptors as you can think of: A behavior or characteristic of cyberbullying/electronic harassment is…

Methods: Sort and Rank

Methods: Cluster Map 2 3 1 4 8 5 9 6 7

Feedback • Are there statements on the list that surprise you?

Feedback • Are there constructs in the map that are missing?

Feedback • How can this map be used? By teachers? Healthcare providers? Families?

Questions? CONTACT INFO: • • Website: smahrtresearch. com Email: smahrt@seattlechildrens. org @SMAHRTeam Facebook: Social Media and Adolescent Health Research Team UPCOMING EVENTS: • SMAHRT Youth Camp 2015