Social Institutions Unit 8 Family Family of Orientation

Social Institutions Unit 8

Family ◦ Family of Orientation ◦ Family of Procreation ◦ Nuclear Family Conjugal Family Single-Parent Families Binuclear Families ◦ Extended Families Reconstituted Families Blended Families

Family Kinship ◦ Legitimate Birth ◦ Illegitimate Birth

Functionalist Family Theory Socialization Affection Companionship Sexual Regulation Economic Cooperation

Conflict Family Theory Patriarchy Marxian Gender Inequality Theory ◦ Male vs Female roles

Family Patterns Marriage ◦ Monogomy ◦ Polygamy ◦ Polyandry Partner Preferences ◦ Endogamy ◦ Exogamy ◦ Homogamy ◦ Marriage Gradient

Family Residence Patterns Patrilocal Residence Matrilocal Residence Neolocal Residence

Family Authority Patterns Patriarchy Matriarchy Egalitarian

Parent-Child Authority Diana Baumrind’s Parenting Styles

Decent & Inheritance Patterns Patrilineal System Matrilineal Systems Bilateral Systems

American Family Patterns Traditionally… ◦ Monogamous ◦ Engogamous ◦ Egalitarian ◦ Bilateral ◦ Nuclear Modern… ◦ Serial Monogamy ◦ Divorce

Family Violence Types: ◦ Emotional ◦ Physical ◦ Social Violence against children Violence against adults ◦ Battered Wife Syndrome ◦ Elder abuse

Educational Institutions Functionalist: ◦ Socialization ◦ Social control ◦ Selection & allocation ◦ Assimilation ◦ Innovation & Change Basic research Applied research

Educational Institutions Conflict: ◦ Tracking ◦ Credentialism

Educational Institutions Cultures of Education ◦ Academic Subculture ◦ Fun/Recreational Subculture ◦ Delinquent Subculture Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

Educational Inequality Coleman Report of 1966 Inequality by Christopher Jenks in 1972 Brown vs Board of Education ◦ De jure segregation ◦ De facto segregation ◦ Busing Magnet Schools Majority to Minority Transfer

Religious Institutions Religion Ritual Belief Systems

Types of Religion Simple Supernaturalism Animism Theism Monotheism Polytheism ◦ Totemism Transcendent Theodicy Idealism

Theories of Religion Functionalist ◦ Religion enhances solidarity of society ◦ Emile Durkheim: Sacred Profane

Theories of Religion Conflict ◦ Religion as a source of conflict ◦ Karl Marx False consciousness

Theories of Religion Interactionist ◦ A stage in which to enact social rules and a means of social change ◦ Max Weber Protestant & Puritan values -> Capitalism

Religious Organizations 4 Major Categories of Religious Organizations ◦ Ecclesia Denomination ◦ Sect ◦ Cult

Religious Organizations Religiosity Charles Glock’s 4 Dimensions of Religiosity ◦ Experiential ◦ Ritualistic ◦ Ideological ◦ Consequential Thomas Luckman ◦ Invisible Religion

Religious Trends Religious consciousness Evangelicals Peter Berger ◦ Secularization ◦ Counter-secularization

Political Institutions Political Process Political Order The State ◦ Functionalist: Good! ◦ Conflict: State favors the wealthy

Power ◦ Reward ◦ Punishment Authority Coercion

Power 3 Types of Legitimate Authority ◦ Traditional Authority ◦ Legal-Rational Authority ◦ Charismatic Authority

Distribution of Power Pluralists ◦ Give-and-take Elitists ◦ Oligarchy Class Conflict ◦ Karl Marx yet again

Forms of Government Authoritarian Totalitarian ◦ Nationalism Democratic ◦ True Democracy ◦ Representative Democracy ◦ Participatory Democracy ◦ Liberal Democracy

Political Participation Gladiatorial Transitional Spectator

Political Participation Political Parties Political Groups ◦ Interest Groups ◦ Lobbyist Groups ◦ Public Interest Groups ◦ Single-Issue Groups ◦ Industry Groups Political Action Committees

Models of Political Process 4 Models of Political Process ◦ Power-Elite Model ◦ Pluralist Model ◦ Satist Perspective ◦ Military-Industrial Complex

Medical Sociology Medicine Medicalization of Society ◦ Growth of a medical institution ◦ Medicalization of life events ◦ Medicalization of deviance ◦ Pubic acceptance of medicalization Epidemiology

Medical Sociology Types of Disease in the Population ◦ Endemic Disease ◦ Epidemic Disease ◦ Pandemic Disease Types of Disease in the Individual ◦ Acute Disease ◦ Chronic Disease

Medical Sociology Illness is psychological Disease is pathological Sickness is sociological

Theories of Medicine Functionalist ◦ Talcott Parsons Sickness as deviance Sick Role Theory ◦ Medical Institutions should. . Maintain health Treat disease Conduct research Impose social control

Theories of Medicine Conflict ◦ Good health is a valued resource ◦ Competition over health shapes society

Economic Institutions Economy aka Economic Order Sectors of Economy ◦ Primary Sector ◦ Secondary Sector ◦ Tertiary Sector Incentives within Economy ◦ Material Incentive ◦ Moral Incentive

Division of Labor Worker Specialization ◦ Emile Durkheim Mechanical Solidarity Organic Solidarity Anomie

Worker Alienation Karl Marx’s Alienation Theory ◦ Powerlessness ◦ Meaninglessness ◦ Isolation ◦ Self-Estrangement

Workplace Motivation Job Enlargement Job Enrichment Job Rotation Autonomous Work Groups

American Work Trends Gender Equality Deindustrialization Service Sector Jobs Flexible Work Systems 3 Labor Markets ◦ Secondary Market: Low pay, low skill ◦ Subordiante Market: Better pay, some skill ◦ Independent Primary Market: High pay, specialized skill

Economic Systems Capitalism ◦ Private Ownership ◦ Monopoly ◦ Oligarchy ◦ Inflation ◦ Stagnation ◦ Stagflation ◦ Recession ◦ Depression

Economic Systems Socialism ◦ Public Ownership ◦ 2 Types: Communistic Socialism Democratic Socialism Mixed Economies ◦ Private & Public Ownership

Economic Systems Capitalism ◦ Private Ownership ◦ Monopoly ◦ Oligarchy ◦ Inflation ◦ Stagnation ◦ Stagflation ◦ Recession ◦ Depression

Worker/Employee Relations Wagner Act of 1935 ◦ Collective bargaining Unionization

Unemployment Dependent on job type and economy Unemployment rates are higher for. . ◦ Women vs. men ◦ Minorities vs. majorities ◦ Unskilled workers vs. skilled workers ◦ Migrant, seasonal, and temporary workers ◦ Elderly workers