SOCIAL IMPACT OF SPORT ON SOCIETY Lesson 1

SOCIAL IMPACT OF SPORT ON SOCIETY

Lesson 1: The Roles of Sport

n Using the following slides, complete “The Roles of Sport” questions on page 24

THE CONTINUUM OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SPORT Sport is one level along a continuum of physical activity. The other levels of physical activity are: n n Free Play Game Play Sport Work

FREE PLAY The first level of the continuum. n This is the activity we engage in as children and continue to engage in throughout life. n Free Play has no firm rules, can take place anywhere and it is simply for fun. n i. e. ) exploring, expressing ourselves, pretending, role playing using various forms of physical activities. n

GAME PLAY n n n Level two, game play, requires greater structure than free play and involves some form of competition. There is a clear set of objectives but in game play, there are no schedules, leagues & players are usually the officials. i. e. ) Active games like tag games, dodge ball, street hockey. Inactive games like board games or card games.

SPORT n n Sport is a specialized form of game play that generally involves the following characteristics: A physical component. I. e. ) strength, speed, co-ordination

Sport (con’t) n n Winning and losing Almost always requires specialized facilities and equipment (that conform to a standard). Played on courts, fields with set markings. Equipment must meet standards for size, shape, etc. to ensure fair and equal competition.

WORK - The final level of the continuum. - Some sport participants develop their skill to such a high degree that they earn a living from sport. - Professional coaches and athletes can earn millions of $$$ through salaries, endorsements and prize money.

What Am I? Classify the activities on page 24 using the different levels of physical activity as either: n F - Free Play n G - Game Play n S - Sport

The Roles of Sport A Brief History n Sport is a part of everyday life. We watch sports on T. V. , hear sports on the radio, read about sports in the newspaper and in magazines. n Way back when…. . physical activity was the only way in which mankind was able to hunt, build, invent, celebrate, survive. Skills for hunting or combat were developed and tested through physical activities and sport. In what country did the Olympics originate?

Athens, Greece 1896 2004

AROUND THE WORLD n The Olympic Games, originated in early Greek civilization, included events such as: running races, chariot races, discus, javelin and boxing.

Trivia Time Where did these sports originate? 1. Lacrosse 2. Golf 3. Martial Arts 4. Basketball

Answers 1. 2. 3. 4. North American aboriginals played a game similar to our modern game of lacrosse to prepare its young men for battle. Canada’s National Summer Sport. Golf was invented in Scotland played by King James the 2 nd in 1457. Asia is the birthplace of many forms of martial arts. Basketball was invented by Dr. James Naismith, a Canadian.

RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT Guidelines: n Research a non-mainstream sport of your choice. n The assignment must be in your OWN words (no copy/paste) n Must use and reference at least 2 sources of information (eg. Websites/books) n ½ page – 1 page, 12 pt. font n This is a partner research assignment

RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT n n Include the following research: 1. Country of origin (name of inventor if possible) 2. Original name and some popular terms associated with that sport 3. Earliest record of the sports existence 4. How is the sport played? 5. At least 4 interesting facts or stories related to its beginning and/or evolution Email me your assignment to kasmundson@retsd. mb. ca

Lesson 2: Sport and the Media

$$$$$$$$$$ How much money do you think Tiger Woods made last year in endorsements and winnings?

Answer n Star golfer Tiger Woods was the world's best-paid athlete last year, $87 million earning in winnings and endorsements. n (We’ll talk more about this topic next class)

THE MEDIA AND SPORT PARTNERSHIPS n n Sport, sport media, large corporations and businesses are involved in this partnership. Partnership is a significant economic contributor to our society. Other than making money, media educates consumers about the history, the game. The media creates excitement about upcoming events

SPORTS AS BUSINESS n n n Sport is big business around the world. Here is how sport organizations make their money: Investment income- team franchises grow in value constantly. Forbes annually ranks pro teams in terms of dollar value. The average NFL franchise was worth $628 million in /03 and $898 million in /06 The average NHL franchise was worth $159 million in /03 and $180 million in /06

n n n Ticket Sales- can account for 20 -60% of the revenue for a pro sport organization (NHL-more than 60% from ticket sales). Facility Revenue- food concessions and souvenir shops, luxury boxes, parking and contests. New NBA or NHL arenas have an average of 90 luxury boxes, leasing for $75, 000 to $150, 000! Media Revenue- i. e. The NBA has an 8 year, $7. 4 billion television rights agreement with ESPN/ABC and Turner Broadcasting. Team Merchandise Naming Rights How do individual athletes add to their annual salary from their franchise?

Player Revenue Through Endorsements n n Individual players are able to add to their playing salaries by signing endorsement deals with equipment and clothing manufacturers. By using the player’s and personal name in conjunction with a specific product, the company stand to make far more than the athlete.

COMMERCIALS “Like Mike” “Guitar Hero” “Nike ATHLETE”

n n n Tiger Woods (golf)- After turning 21, Tiger began signing numerous endorsement deals with G. M. , Titleist, General Mills, AMEX and Nike. $100 million dollars for 5 years with Nike. Lebron James (bball)- 7 year shoe contract with Nike worth more than $90 million. David Beckam (soccer)- $160, 000 deal with Adidas. Just to wear their product until the end of his playing career. Sidney Crosby (hockey)- Many endorsements. His Reebok deal, which he signed at 17, is worth $500, 000 Cindy Klassen (speed skating)- $1 million deal with MTS. The most lucrative endorsement deal for a Canadian amateur athlete.

n n n n n Michael Schumacher $60 million (formula 1) Oscar De La Hoya $38 million (boxing) Michael Vick $37. 5 million (football) Shaquille O'Neal $33. 4 million (basketball) David Beckham $32. 5 million (soccer) Kobe Bryant $28. 8 million (basketball) Lance Armstrong $28 million (cycling) Valentino Rossi $28 million (motorcycling) Alex Rodriguez $27. 5 million (baseball) Derek Jeter $25. 5 million (baseball) Manny Ramirez $24. 2 million (baseball) Jeff Gordon $23. 4 million (nascar) Walter Jones $23. 2 million (football) Ronaldo $23 million (soccer) Le. Bron James $22. 9 million (basketball) Matt Hasselbeck $22. 8 million (football) Maria Sharapova $18. 2 million (tennis) Serena Williams $12. 7 million (tennis) Annika Sorenstam $7. 3 million (golf)

Fans and media often seek information about an athlete’s personal life. Steve Nash Michael Jordan Dennis Rodman Mike Tyson Michael Vick

n n n The media creates emotional attachments to athletes, coaches and teams. The media focuses attention on athletes who have overcome adversity. The media also provides many people with a form of recreation and entertainment. The media also relates stories on social concerns to attract attention and stimulate thinking. Social concerns such as: – Racism, sport economics, gender issues, technological advances, etc. – i. e. the ESPN show 30 for 30 JMack – overcoming adversity

Alvina Carrol

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. PARTNER TASK Think of the sports you see on T. V. What kinds of products do you see advertised by athletes during commercials or in print media? Identify an athlete who advertises in the media. Identify the product advertised by this athlete. What traits make this athlete “highly marketable”? What sort of image does an athlete bring to products? Consider people of all ages. Do you think this advertisement has a positive or negative affect on society? Explain your answer.

Lesson 3: How Sport Changes Society

SPORT AS AN AGENT FOR SOCIAL CHANGE n n n In all, about half of the entire population of Canada is involved annually with sport. Sport changes individuals-health, well-being, etc. It affects communities-social cohesion. Is has an impact on the economy-creating jobs. It helps shape our national and cultural identities.

SPORTING BEHAVIOR n n All people in society are expected to live by the law. Playing by the rules and being a good sport are examples of behaviors we hold in high regard. To describe people who demonstrate these behaviors, we use words like fair, respectful and committed. Who are some athletes who are positive role models?

n n Responsibility for fair play and ethical sport in Canada is shared by athletes, coaches, sport organizations, governments and the general public. The Canadian Centre for Ethics in Sport (CCES) assists Canada’s amateur sport community to fulfill this responsibility and hold them publicly accountable.

DOES SPORT BUILD CHARACTER? Character is simply acting in accordance with an individual’s morals and beliefs. n When athletes behave in a manner that is inconsistent with the way they normally behave we say they are acting “out of character” n What might cause an athlete to act out of character in a game situation? n

Complete the worksheet “Moral Dilemmas in Sport” page 25 & 26. Cheating vs. Gamesmanship means part of the game

DEVIANT BEHAVIOUR n n When actions or behaviours take place that are outside of the expected limits then they becomes deviant. These behaviours may be questioned, reviewed or acted upon by the parent organization or the judicial system. Rule Breaking Performance Enhancement Gambling

RULE BREAKING When rules are broken intentionally or result in great harm, organizational or judicial intervention may become necessary. n The penalties range from heavy fines to lifetime bans and in some cases, criminal charges and jail terms. What rule breaking incidents do you know of? What was the punishment? n

n n In 1988, forward Dino Ciccarelli (Minnesota) was convicted of assault for striking Toronto defenceman Luke Richardson in the head several times with his stick. Ciccarelli was fine $1000 and spent one night in jail. On July 9, 1997, Mike Tyson’s boxing licence was revoked by the Nevada State Athletic Commission for biting the ear of Evander Holyfield. He was also fined $3 million US and ordered to pay the legal costs of the hearing.

PERFORMACE ENHANCEMENT n Athletes will use many substances such as anabolic steroids, stimulants, over-thecounter drugs, vitamins, etc. to gain an advantage over their competitors. Many, but not all, are illegal. n Blood Doping n This is a huge issue in sports today.

Ben Johnson-Canadian track star lost his Gold medal at the 1988 Seoul Olympics for testing positive for steroids. n Barry Bonds-MLB player broke Hank Aaron’s homerun record with allegations of steroid use. n Others? n

GAMBLING n n n In the U. S. it is estimated that illegal wagering is an $80 -$350 billion business. Nevada is the only state where sport gambling is legal. There are strict rules against players, coaches and officials gambling (and being involved in gambling) on events in which they participate.

n n n 1950’s college basketball- 8 colleges fixed 86 games over 3 years. 1990’s- Pete Rose banned from playing and the Hall of Fame for betting on baseball games. 2007 - Michael Vick (NFL) accused of being involved in gambling and dog fighting. What are some problems associated with sports betting?

WHAT WERE THEY THINKING? What controversial events have happened in the last couple of years with professional athletes? n Is it any of our business? n Should it matter what pro athletes do in their personal time if they’re still good at their sport? n

Home Run Story

J MAC