Social Culture Change Unit 9 Sources of Social

Social Culture & Change Unit 9

Sources of Social Change Environment ◦ Natural Disasters Population ◦ Birth rates ◦ Death rates ◦ Subcultures

Sources of Social Change Technology ◦ Technological Determinism ◦ Automation ◦ Cultural lag ◦ Cultural Innovation Discovery Invention Diffusion

Sources of Social Change Modernization ◦ Industrialization ◦ Urbanization ◦ Bureaucratization ◦ Convergence Theory

Sources of Social Change Human Interactions ◦ Human action ◦ Collective behavior Environmental Factors Lack of Norms Relative Deprivation Breakdown of Social Control ◦ Social movement

Sources of Social Change Global Development ◦ Developed countries = rich ◦ Undeveloped countries = poor

Theories of Social Change Sociocultural Evolution Theory ◦ Mutilinear ◦ Simple to Complex Cyclical Theory ◦ Spengler: Society as an organism ◦ Toynbee: Society as a response to a challenge ◦ Sorokin: Sensate (gratification) and Ideational (faith) societies

Theories of Social Change Functionalist ◦ Emile Durkheim ◦ Talcott Parsons Equilibrium Theory Conflict ◦ Karl Marx Interactionist ◦ Erving Goffman Dramaturgical

World System Model World System Colonial System Imperialism Neocolonialism Multinational Corporations

Social Change Revolution Collective Behavior ◦ Neil Smelser’s 6 Conditions Triggering Collective Behavior Structural Conductiveness Structural Strain Generalized Belief Precipitating Factors Mobilization of Participants toward Action Social Control

Group Behavior Crowds ◦ Casual Crowd ◦ Conventional Crowd ◦ Expressive Crowd ◦ Solidaristic Crowd ◦ Active Crowd Mob Riot

Group Behavior Gustave le Bon ◦ Contagion Theory Invincibility Suggestibility Lewis Killian ◦ Emergent-Norm Theory

Mass Behavior Diffuse Crowds Mass Behavior ◦ Panic ◦ Mass Hysteria ◦ Disaster Behavior ◦ Fashion ◦ Fads ◦ Crazes

Collective Communication Mass Media Technological Development ◦ Cell phone ◦ Email ◦ Txtng ur bff Negative ◦ Rumor ◦ Gossip Communication

Collective Communication Neutral Communication ◦ Public Communication ◦ Opinion Leaders ◦ Propaganda ◦ Urban Legends

Social Movements 4 Primary Social Movements ◦ Reform Movements ◦ Revolutionary Movements ◦ Resistance (Regressive) Movements ◦ Expressive (Utopian) Movements

Social Movements The 4 Stage Life Course ◦ Preliminary Stage ◦ Popular Stage (Legitimization) ◦ Formal Organizational Stage (Bureaucratization) ◦ Institutional Stage

Terrorism ◦ State Terrorism ◦ Revolutionary Terrorism

Theories of Social Movement Psychological Theories ◦ Social movements as deviance Strain Theories ◦ Deprivation Resource Mobilization Theories ◦ John Mc. Carthy & Mayer Zald

Population Counts Population Census Vital Statistics ◦ Population Projections ◦ Population Forecasts Population Composition ◦ Gender Ratio ◦ Racial Ratio ◦ Educational Ratio ◦ SES Ratio

Population Growth 3 Factors to Population Growth ◦ Fertility (birth) Rates ◦ Mortality (death) Rates Age-specific death rates Neonatal & infant mortality rates ◦ Migration (attrition) Rates International Internal Immigration Emmigration

Population Growth Life Span Life Expectancy Population Growth Demographic Transition Theory ◦ High Birth/High Death ◦ High Birth/Low Death ◦ Low Birth/Low Death Zero Population Growth

Population Control Family Planning Antinatalism Economic Incentives Economic Improvements

Urbanization Metropolis ◦ City ◦ Suburb ◦ Rural Megalopolis Edge Cities Gentrification into low SES areas

Urbanization Herbert Gains: 5 Major Groups in Cities ◦ Cosmopolites ◦ Unmarried & Childless ◦ Ethnic Villagers ◦ The Deprived ◦ The Trapped

Urban Ecology ◦ Ecological Segregation ◦ Invasion & Succession Ernest Burgess ◦ Concentric Zone Model Social Area Analysis

Urban Theory Ferdinand Tonnies ◦ Gemeinschaft ◦ Gesellischaft Louis Wirth ◦ 3 Characteristics of Cities: Size, Population Density, and Social Diversity’ Herbert Gans ◦ Suburban culture a product of status & class

Social Conflict War vs Peace Arms Race Nuclear War on Terror

Social Conflict Nuclear War ◦ 4 Principle (Immediate) Effects Electromagnetic Pulse Explosive Blast (pressure jump) Excessive Heat Direct Radiation ◦ Long-Term Effects Fallout Early Fallout Delayed Fallout