SOCIAL ASPECTS OF INTERLANGUAGE Introduction to Second Language

SOCIAL ASPECTS OF INTERLANGUAGE Introduction to Second Language Acquisition, Unnes Rina Ardiyanti Candra Arifiana Etik Indriani Lina Sofia Andriani Members : (2201411014) (2201411015) (2201411017) (2201411019)

Introduction Three approaches to incorporating a social angle of L 2 acquisition : 1. Interlanguage as consisting of different styles 2. How social factors determine the input that construct interlanguage 3. How the social identities learners negotiating in their interactions with native speakers

Elements n Interlanguage as a stylistic continuum n The aculturation model of L 2 acquisition n Social identity and investment in L 2 learning

Interlanguage as a stylistic continuum Careful style Elaine Tarone Stylistic Continuum Vernacular style Convergence Howard Giles Accomodation Theory Divergence

Stylistic Continuum q Learners develop capability for using the L 2 and this undelies all regular language behaviour.

Careful Style n Evident when learners are consciuosly attending to their choice of linguistic forms, as when they need to be correct.

Vernacular Style n Evident when learners are making spontaneous choices of linguistic forms as is likely in free conversation.

The Model’s Problems in Tarone’s Theory 1. Learners are not always most accurate in their careful style and least accurate in their vernacular style. 2. The role of social factors remains unclear.

In short, Tarone’s theory seems to relate more to psycholinguistic rather than social factors in variation.

Howard Giles’s Accommodation Theory n Explain how a learners social group influences the course of L 2 acquisition. n The key idea is social accommodation

n Convergence process : When people interact with each other they either try to make their speech similar to that of their adressee in order to emphasize social cohesiveness. n Divergence process : When people interact with each other they either try to make it different in order to emphasize their social distinctiveness.

According to Giles’s theory, social factors influence interlanguage development via the impact they have on the attitudes that determine the kinds of language use learners engage in.

The Acculturation Model of L 2 acquisition n John Schumann’s acculturation model : social factors determine the amount of contact with the L 2 individual learners experience and thereby how successful they are in learning.

The Model’s Problems in Schumann’s Theory 1. It fails to acknowledge the factors like ‘integration pattern’ and ‘attitude’ are not fixed and static but variable and dynamic fluctuating in accordance with the learners changing social experiences. 2. It fails to acknowledge that learners are not just subject to social conditions but can also become the subject of them.

Social Identity and Investment in L 2 Learning n Bonny Pierce’s view in relationship between social context and L 2 acquistition. n Language learners have complex social identities that can only be understood in terms of the power relations that shape social structures.

n The learner’s success require investment, something learners will only make if they believe their efforts will increase the value of their ‘cultural capital’.

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