SNR Prof Oort suggestion Spoelstra Berkhuijsen ROSAT Ph
本題に入る前に SNR 説 Prof. Oort’ suggestion, Spoelstra, Berkhuijsen, ROSAT Ph. D Thesis (SNR)…. . et al. Even in Japan, Oda, Hayakawa, . . . et al
Galactic Radio Loops I, III, IV
SNR 説 ΣーＤ relation Σ ～ Dー 4 D ~ 100 pc Θ ~ 100 deg Distance ~ 100 pc
系外銀河 Starburst Shell / Outflow
M 82
l. NGC 253 l. ROSAT 0. 75 ke. V l. Pietsch 1999 et al
l. NGC l 0. 75 3079 ke. V
GC ガス、磁場、宇宙線＝沸騰、噴出 3 x 3 deg (400 x 400 pc) at 3 cm NRO 45 m (Sofue, Handa et al. )
North Polar Spur 408 MHz l 408 MHz l. Haslam Radio et al 1982
l. Snowden et al 1998
Bipolar Hyper Shell Model
l. Sofue l 1977 Fast MHD (compression) wave
l. Sofue 1977
Radial-ray adiabatic Shock Sakashita, Moellenhoff method
Bipolar Hyper Shell Model l. Sofue 1977, 1984
HI Disk & Arms l
Simulation 1 Radio synchrotron radiation Compared with whole-sky 408 MHz map
Radio emissivity B-CR equipartition γ α ε∝ B ∝ ρ
l. Radio l. No arm l. Radio l. Arms l. Obs. 408 MHz Obs. l l. Radio
l 408 MHz l. Haslam Radio et al 1982
Simulation 2 0. 25, 0. 75, 1. 5 ke. V Soft X-rays Emissivity ε∝ 2 0. 5 ρT
Transfer: Absorption by metals in HI Disk d. I/ds=ε-κI κds=dτ=n. Hds/NH, 0
X-ray Absorption κat 0. 25, 0. 75, 1. 5 ke. V 0. 75 ke. V: τ=1 for 21 NH, 0=3 x 10 H -2 cm =1 kpc x 1 H -3 cm
l 1. 5 ke. V l. No arm l 0. 75 l. No ke. V arm l. Cylinder/ Cone
l Arms l 0. 25 kev l 0. 75 kev l 1. 5 kev
l. X-ray Hard l. HI Gas l. X-ray Soft Sofue 1994 Ap. JL
Conclusion and Implications
The Galaxy experienced Galactic big bang, maybe Starburst 1. 5 x 107 yr ago E~1056 ergs~105 SN Similarly to NGC 253 Hyper Shell 1. 4 x 107 yr ago E~1055 -56 ergs
Implications Probing Starburst Probing HI disk Probing Gas Halo Probing Halo-IG Interface Probing ICM, IGM Probing Halo Window
HI(red)+H 2(green) Nakanishi & Sofue 2006
Galactic big bang in an intergalactic wind
Our Galaxy experienced Galactic Big Bang 15 Myr ago, 56 10 ergs.
Sofue, Y. 2000 Ap. J 540, 224 Bipolar hyper shell, GC burst Sofue, Y. , Vogler, A. 2001 AA 370, 53 Bipolar hyper shell in NGC 253, etc. .
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