Snohomish County Haz Mat Rescue for Operations Presented

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Snohomish County Haz. Mat Rescue for Operations Presented by the Snohomish County Haz. Mat

Snohomish County Haz. Mat Rescue for Operations Presented by the Snohomish County Haz. Mat Team Content approved by the Snohomish County Chiefs Association as a county standard for Operations Level Hazmat Responses.

Snohomish County Haz. Mat Rescue for Operations Equipment needed NIOSH Guide Books. Snohomish County

Snohomish County Haz. Mat Rescue for Operations Equipment needed NIOSH Guide Books. Snohomish County Hazmat Operations Guide for Rescue. p. H paper. F Paper. 4 gas monitor. Radiological monitor. Temperature gun or TIC.

Objectives • Gain knowledge of capabilities and make up of the Snohomish County Hazmat

Objectives • Gain knowledge of capabilities and make up of the Snohomish County Hazmat Team. • Receive basic understanding of Haz. Mat IQ. • Review basic chemical concepts and how they relate to responses. • Understand common terminology and concepts as related to hazmat responses. • Become proficient in utilizing the new Hazmat Rescue Operations tool through classroom practice and hands on drills. • Review miscellaneous hazmat response skills

Snohomish County Hazmat Team Snohomish County has adopted a team model There are no

Snohomish County Hazmat Team Snohomish County has adopted a team model There are no longer Zone responses Units are dispatched based on a county wide response model sending the nearest unit. Units associated with the team are: �HZ 1 – Everett �HZ 71 – District #7 �HZ 66 – Marysville �Decon 12 – District #1

Snohomish County Hazmat Team Snohomish County Haz. Mat team operates using the Snohomish County

Snohomish County Hazmat Team Snohomish County Haz. Mat team operates using the Snohomish County Suggested Operating Guidelines Updated and reviewed annually

Snohomish County Hazmat Team Currently there 4 alarm levels for Hazmat responses: 1 st

Snohomish County Hazmat Team Currently there 4 alarm levels for Hazmat responses: 1 st Alarm – Dependant on each jurisdiction, usually an Engine and Battalion. 2 nd Alarm – Receives the nearest hazmat unit and Decon 12. 3 rd Alarm – Receives HZ 1, HZ 71, HZ 66, decon 12 and all on duty hazmat team members in the county. 4 th Alarm – Receives all the same as a 3 rd alarm with the addition of off duty hazmat team members.

Hazmat IQ Developed by Chris Aguirre and Joe Gorman from the East Coast. A

Hazmat IQ Developed by Chris Aguirre and Joe Gorman from the East Coast. A new simplified approach to Hazmat based on the chemistry of chemicals. Gives responders a step by step plan of attack based only on a chemicals name.

Hazmat IQ cont. Uses laminated charts to help work through the process. Facilitates the

Hazmat IQ cont. Uses laminated charts to help work through the process. Facilitates the following: A 20 -30 sec size up providing the responder with initial isolation distances and an idea of the worst case scenario presented by the known chemical. A 2 -3 minute verification of your findings and a further honing of knowledge. Choosing of PPE, what monitors to use and what readings to expect.

Hazmat IQ cont. Hazmat IQ works by breaking chemicals into two broad groups based

Hazmat IQ cont. Hazmat IQ works by breaking chemicals into two broad groups based on chemical bonding. Referred to in Hazmat IQ as above the line or below the line. Initial actions are based on the chemical state of a chemical (liquid, solid, gas), predicted by the name of the chemical involved. Ionic Compounds Crystalline solids (made of ions) High melting and boiling points Conduct electricity when melted Many soluble in water but not in nonpolar liquid Covalent Compounds Gases, liquids, or solids (made of molecules) Low melting and boiling points Poor electrical conductors in all phases Many soluble in nonpolar liquids but not in water

Hazmat IQ cont. Hazmat IQ has: Simplified hazmat responses. Lessened anxiety for responders. Greatly

Hazmat IQ cont. Hazmat IQ has: Simplified hazmat responses. Lessened anxiety for responders. Greatly increased responders comfort level with affecting rescues. Been widely adopted due to its simplicity, including the Snohomish County Hazmat Team.

Chemical Concepts Why is understanding some basic chemical concepts important? Understanding the basics helps

Chemical Concepts Why is understanding some basic chemical concepts important? Understanding the basics helps us to predict the behavior of a chemical!

Chemical Concepts cont. Molecular Weight (MW) Is the sum of the atomic weight of

Chemical Concepts cont. Molecular Weight (MW) Is the sum of the atomic weight of all the atoms in a molecule (the little number you see in the periodic table associated with each element). MW of air is 29, a gas with a larger MW than air will sink. Example MW of Chlorine=34 Chlorine will settle in low areas.

Chemical Concepts cont. Boiling Point (BP) The temperature at which a liquid turns into

Chemical Concepts cont. Boiling Point (BP) The temperature at which a liquid turns into a vapor. Dependent on atmospheric pressure. Some liquids may boil at room temperature, important to take into consideration on a response. A warm day on asphalt may push a material into the boiling range.

Chemical Concepts cont. Solubility (Sol) Is the property of a chemical substance (A solute)

Chemical Concepts cont. Solubility (Sol) Is the property of a chemical substance (A solute) to dissolve in another substance (A Solvent), to form a homogeneous (mixes completely) solution of the solute in the solvent. Insoluble compounds are easier to recover from water (use of filter or similar process). Solubility <10% a fog stream will push it. Solubility > or = 10% a fog stream will absorb it.

Chemical Concepts cont. Flash Point (Fl. P) Is the lowest Temp at which a

Chemical Concepts cont. Flash Point (Fl. P) Is the lowest Temp at which a material can vaporize to form an ignitable mixture in air. Not to be confused with Auto Ignition Temperature which requires no ignition source. Fl. p Examples Gasoline is -55 deg F � Is ignitable at any point over -55 deg F! Diesel is 144 deg F

Chemical Concepts cont. Ionization Potential (IP) Energy required to displace an electron and “Ionize”

Chemical Concepts cont. Ionization Potential (IP) Energy required to displace an electron and “Ionize” a compound. Measured in electron volts, e. V. IP is used to detect materials with a PID (photo ionization detector). Gives a measurement of PPM of a substance. Better at detecting longer chain hydrocarbons than a four gas monitor.

Chemical Concepts cont. Specific Gravity (Sp. Gr. ) Density of a material as compared

Chemical Concepts cont. Specific Gravity (Sp. Gr. ) Density of a material as compared to water. Water has a Sp. Gr. of 1 Sp. Gr. > 1 and a substance will sink Sp. Gr. < 1 a substance will float.

Chemical Concepts cont. Vapor Pressure (VP) Relates to the tendency of particles to escape

Chemical Concepts cont. Vapor Pressure (VP) Relates to the tendency of particles to escape from a liquid (or a solid), to become a gas. A substance with a high vapor pressure at normal temperatures is often referred to as volatile. Methyl Chloride has VP of 3800 mm. Hg (really wants to be a gas). A material with a VP over 760 mm. Hg (atmospheric Pressure) will always be a gas.

Chemical Concepts cont. Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) The leanest mixture, percentage wise, in which

Chemical Concepts cont. Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) The leanest mixture, percentage wise, in which a material is flammable (explosive). Alarm levels are 10% of LEL. This 10% makes sure we have a safe buffer alerting us before we get to 100% LEL.

Chemical Concepts cont. Upper Explosive Limit (UEL) The point in which a chemical becomes

Chemical Concepts cont. Upper Explosive Limit (UEL) The point in which a chemical becomes too “rich” to ignite. This concept makes it possible for gas line workers to weld pipeline leaks with natural gas still flowing. Be aware that a material in the UEL range can drop back into the explosive range. Please don’t try this at home.

Chemical Concepts cont. Melting Point (MLT) The temperature in which a chemical changes form

Chemical Concepts cont. Melting Point (MLT) The temperature in which a chemical changes form solid state to a liquid state. Tungsten has the highest melting point – 3, 683 F Osmium Tetroxide (a solid) has a melting point of 105 F A hot sunny day this could be a liquid.

Terminology Review

Terminology Review

Terminology Review Splash potential – The risk of contamination by walking through or disturbing

Terminology Review Splash potential – The risk of contamination by walking through or disturbing a material. Does not relate to flowing/spraying product. Avoid walking in product, there is no way to know if your footwear is compatible, your boots way be eaten away. Hazmat Team members may walk in material but usually only after checking for compatibility and using special over boots.

Terminology for Heads Up Display F Paper – Chemical detection paper that alerts to

Terminology for Heads Up Display F Paper – Chemical detection paper that alerts to the presence of Fluorine compounds. Fluorine gas is very lethal without full Level A protection. Paper turns Yellow

Terminology for Heads Up Display p. H Paper – Chemical detection paper that alerts

Terminology for Heads Up Display p. H Paper – Chemical detection paper that alerts to the presence of Corrosive compounds. Paper turns: �RED for acid �BLUE for base Note any change, do not worry about color.

Terminology Review cont. Polymerization – Chemical reaction that can lead to rapid explosive like

Terminology Review cont. Polymerization – Chemical reaction that can lead to rapid explosive like expansion. This phenomenon is known as hazardous polymerization.

Terminology Review cont. Recon – Evaluation of a hazardous scene with proper PPE and

Terminology Review cont. Recon – Evaluation of a hazardous scene with proper PPE and no intent to get contaminated. Must still have Decon in place just in case. Recon is done before hazard zones have been delineated. �Once a Red (Hot) Zone has been established there is no more recon in that area.

Terminology Review cont. Rescue – Removal of viable victims Our aim is to safely

Terminology Review cont. Rescue – Removal of viable victims Our aim is to safely rescue viable victims. Recovery – Removal of non-viable victims. We are no in the business of recovery.

Terminology Review 3/30 Rule – Rule of thumb for entry into a hazardous scene

Terminology Review 3/30 Rule – Rule of thumb for entry into a hazardous scene based on victim viability. Works on the premise that if a person is DOA we can probably enter a scene for 3 minutes with bunks and SCBA. A person is still showing movement then we can enter for up to 30 minutes with bunks and SCBA. �Even though it states 30 minutes, we get in and out as soon as possible. *As stated, this is a rule of thumb and the risk/benefit must be evaluated.

Terminology Review cont. Heads Up Display – Use of ph and F paper to

Terminology Review cont. Heads Up Display – Use of ph and F paper to detect hazardous chemicals. Papers placed on mask in such a manner that changes are visible to the responder. Very sensitive Change at very low levels (less than 10 ppm).

Terminology Review cont. Meter Cockpit – Term given to standard monitoring package taken in

Terminology Review cont. Meter Cockpit – Term given to standard monitoring package taken in to all hazardous scenes. Gives responders a good idea of the environment they are entering. 4 Gas (CGI – combustible gas indicator) – Measures LEL and O 2 levels. Temp Gun/TIC – Temperature change/signs of chemical reaction Radiological Monitor – Presence of radiological materials Ph paper – Corrosive Gas (turns Blue or Red) F paper – Fluorine Gas (turns Yellow)

Equipment/Terminology Meter Cockpit cont. CGI (4 Gas) �Make sure to proceed slow and measure

Equipment/Terminology Meter Cockpit cont. CGI (4 Gas) �Make sure to proceed slow and measure all levels.

Terminology/Equipment Review cont. Meter Cockpit cont. Radiological Monitor Detects radiation Measures in CPM 2

Terminology/Equipment Review cont. Meter Cockpit cont. Radiological Monitor Detects radiation Measures in CPM 2 x a background reading means a radiological material is present Background for our region is usually in the order of 10 -25 cpm Readings beyond 2 x background require a Hazmat Team response.

Hazmat Operations Guide For Rescue cont. Working with the Operations Guide. Provides a systematic

Hazmat Operations Guide For Rescue cont. Working with the Operations Guide. Provides a systematic approach for responses and a number of reminders and references.

Hazmat Operations Guide For Rescue Overview Key Points Used for rescue only – only

Hazmat Operations Guide For Rescue Overview Key Points Used for rescue only – only line of sight. Process starts by deciding if chemical is known or not. Isolation distance decided based on chemical state. Proper PPE with decon in place. Confirm findings with NIOSH. Heads up display and meter cockpit always used. Know your stops and when to run them.

Hazmat Operations Guide For Rescue Review of Chart Isolation distances Based on chemical state

Hazmat Operations Guide For Rescue Review of Chart Isolation distances Based on chemical state Gases spread, therefore the larger isolation distance. Correlate to distances in the ERG. Chemical state can be determined by report from dispatch or chemical name.

Hazmat Operations Guide For Rescue cont. Strong reminder that we only make rescue if

Hazmat Operations Guide For Rescue cont. Strong reminder that we only make rescue if victim is within line of sight!

Hazmat Operations Guide For Rescue cont. Known chemical – can be from initial dispatch

Hazmat Operations Guide For Rescue cont. Known chemical – can be from initial dispatch or upon arrival on scene. Use the first name of the known chemical and look for it on the above section of the guide (eg. Osmium tetroxide. Osmium, the first name, is present above).

Hazmat Operations Guide For Rescue cont. Only two choices – Listed Above or Not

Hazmat Operations Guide For Rescue cont. Only two choices – Listed Above or Not Listed Above This determination gives us a path to follow and a decision on isolation distances to apply This process can be done as you are leaving the station, giving a start to your initial actions, and can be radioed to units in route.

Hazmat Operations Guide For Rescue cont. Listed Above If listed above follow the Blue

Hazmat Operations Guide For Rescue cont. Listed Above If listed above follow the Blue arrow. Blue section gives initial isolation distances. Also gives a snap shot of what to expect based on likely chemical state. A chemical falling in the blue section is likely a solid, thus the shorter isolation distance.

Hazmat Operations Guide For Rescue cont. Not Listed Above If not listed above follow

Hazmat Operations Guide For Rescue cont. Not Listed Above If not listed above follow the Red path. Red section gives initial isolation distances. Also gives a snap shot of what to expect based on likely chemical state. A chemical falling in the Red section is likely a gas, thus the longer isolation distance.

Hazmat Operations Guide For Rescue cont. If an unknown chemical then go directly to

Hazmat Operations Guide For Rescue cont. If an unknown chemical then go directly to the Red section. If unknown then we assume the worst case scenario, a Gas.

Hazmat Operations Guide For Rescue cont. Once initial actions have been determined by following

Hazmat Operations Guide For Rescue cont. Once initial actions have been determined by following the arrows, ALWAYS confirm using the NIOSH Pocket Guide. The NIOSH pocket Guide provides you with the Chemical and Physical properties of the known product. The system is not 100%, thus you need to confirm exactly what you are dealing with.

Hazmat Operations Guide For Rescue cont. Grey Section Provides a reminder of pieces that

Hazmat Operations Guide For Rescue cont. Grey Section Provides a reminder of pieces that need to be in place. Also provides reminders of criteria that must be met for an entry.

Hazmat Operations Guide For Rescue cont. Light Purple Section provides further sources of information.

Hazmat Operations Guide For Rescue cont. Light Purple Section provides further sources of information. Reminders of important chemical properties.

Hazmat Operations Guide For Rescue cont. Red section A list of STOPS. �When these

Hazmat Operations Guide For Rescue cont. Red section A list of STOPS. �When these conditions are met the team making entry need to stop. �Stopping does not mean that you exit the scene. �Stopping means you evaluate the risk/benefit of continuing for a line of sight rescue of a viable victim.

Hazmat Operations Guide For Rescue cont. F – Paper turns Yellow This Stop is

Hazmat Operations Guide For Rescue cont. F – Paper turns Yellow This Stop is the only one in which there is no evaluation of risk vs benefit. NEVER RUN A F-PAPER STOP Victims are very unlikely to survive even if showing signs of life

Hazmat Operations Guide For Rescue cont. A reminder section of stops and line of

Hazmat Operations Guide For Rescue cont. A reminder section of stops and line of sight rescue only. Also NEVER RUN AN FPAPER STOP!

Hazmat Operations Guide For Rescue cont. 3/30 Rule A section describing the rule for

Hazmat Operations Guide For Rescue cont. 3/30 Rule A section describing the rule for reference.

Classroom Practice Use Hazmat Operations Guide to determine if they are solid/liquid/Gas and the

Classroom Practice Use Hazmat Operations Guide to determine if they are solid/liquid/Gas and the isolation distances for theses chemicals. Reminder – Look at the first name of the chemical Chemical List �Lithium Hydride �Osmium Tetroxide �Methyl Parathion �Vinyl Bromide �Barium Sulfate

Classroom Practice cont. Listed Above These chemicals are likely solids. Do not travel far.

Classroom Practice cont. Listed Above These chemicals are likely solids. Do not travel far. Shortest isolation distance. Box lists probable chemical characteristics. �Lithium Hydride – 75 ft’ �Osmium Tetroxide – 75 ft’ �Barium Sulfate – 75 ft’

Classroom Practice cont. �Methyl Parathion – 300 ft’ �Vinyl Bromide – 300 ft’ Not

Classroom Practice cont. �Methyl Parathion – 300 ft’ �Vinyl Bromide – 300 ft’ Not listed above These chemicals are likely liquid or gases. Travel much farther. Longer isolation distance. Box lists probable chemical characteristics.

Classroom Practice cont. Confirm our results Boxes provide good guide of what to expect.

Classroom Practice cont. Confirm our results Boxes provide good guide of what to expect. The system is not perfect, check our selves with the NIOSH.

Classroom Practice cont. Look up Methyl Parathion in the NIOSH Guide Does the physical

Classroom Practice cont. Look up Methyl Parathion in the NIOSH Guide Does the physical description mesh with what our charts tell us what we might expect? What would you recommend for an isolation distance?

Classroom Practice cont. Look up Vinyl Bromide in the NIOSH Guide After looking up

Classroom Practice cont. Look up Vinyl Bromide in the NIOSH Guide After looking up this chemical, what would you recommend for an isolation distance on a winter day with a temperature of 22°F?

Classroom Practice cont. Look up Osmium Tetroxide in the NIOSH Guide It is 100°

Classroom Practice cont. Look up Osmium Tetroxide in the NIOSH Guide It is 100° day in August, with a spill on asphalt, what you recommend as an isolation distance?

Classroom Practice cont. Why we check! Methyl Parathion – is actually a solid until

Classroom Practice cont. Why we check! Methyl Parathion – is actually a solid until 99°, then it is a liquid. Vinyl Bromide – is a liquid below 60°. Osmium Tetroxide – is a liquid above 105°, easily reached on a hot day on asphalt.

Classroom Practice cont. �Lithium Hydride – 75 ft’ �Osmium Tetroxide – 75 ft’ �Methyl

Classroom Practice cont. �Lithium Hydride – 75 ft’ �Osmium Tetroxide – 75 ft’ �Methyl Parathion – 300’ initial since not listed above, liquid if mixed with xylene 150 ft’, if below 99 degrees a solid (not mixed) = 75’ft �Vinyl Bromide – 300 ft’ �Barium Sulfate – 75 ft’ Remember, these distances are for small spills, large spills refer to the ERG.

Classroom Practice cont. Know your stops Your F paper changes Yellow? Stay or Go?

Classroom Practice cont. Know your stops Your F paper changes Yellow? Stay or Go?

Classroom Practice cont. Know your stops Your F paper changes Yellow while doing a

Classroom Practice cont. Know your stops Your F paper changes Yellow while doing a rescue? Go! An F paper change is an absolute leave the scene!

Classroom Practice cont. Know your stops p. H paper turns RED or BLUE? Stay

Classroom Practice cont. Know your stops p. H paper turns RED or BLUE? Stay or Go?

Classroom Practice cont. Know your stops p. H paper turns RED or BLUE while

Classroom Practice cont. Know your stops p. H paper turns RED or BLUE while doing a rescue? Stay! As long as you have line of sight and a viable patient – weigh the risk – then make the rescue if you can.

Classroom Practice cont. Know your stops CGI passes 10% Stay or Go?

Classroom Practice cont. Know your stops CGI passes 10% Stay or Go?

Classroom Practice cont. Know your stops CGI passes 10% Stay, or Go! Here the

Classroom Practice cont. Know your stops CGI passes 10% Stay, or Go! Here the officer must earn his money and make the risk benefit decision. They must feel comfortable with their knowledge of LEL’s and what risks they imply.

Classroom Practice cont. Know your stops Temp gun increases Stay or Go?

Classroom Practice cont. Know your stops Temp gun increases Stay or Go?

Classroom Practice cont. Know your stops Temp gun increases Stay or Go? Again the

Classroom Practice cont. Know your stops Temp gun increases Stay or Go? Again the officer must earn his money and make the risk benefit decision, looking at factors and deciding if rescue can be made.

Classroom Practice cont. Know your stops No viable victims Stay or Go?

Classroom Practice cont. Know your stops No viable victims Stay or Go?

Classroom Practice cont. Know your stops No viable victims Go! We do not do

Classroom Practice cont. Know your stops No viable victims Go! We do not do recovery, risk a lot to save a lot.

Classroom Practice cont. Know your stops Questions on Stops?

Classroom Practice cont. Know your stops Questions on Stops?

Classroom Practice cont. Review of rescue parameters - Viable victims only. Line of sight

Classroom Practice cont. Review of rescue parameters - Viable victims only. Line of sight only. Double check knowledge in NIOSH Guide. Back up team in place. Decon in place Proper PPE Proper Stops reviewed prior to entry. Review 3/30 rule. Never run an F paper stop!

Hands on training/exercises

Hands on training/exercises

Hands on training/exercises Scenario #1 Unknown gas Description Passerby calls 911 states that he

Hands on training/exercises Scenario #1 Unknown gas Description Passerby calls 911 states that he saw a gas cloud coming out of a business door with a person lying in the doorway with some movement. Materials needed: -Fog Machine in tower or partially open door with enough fog to be visible from outside -Dummy lying in door Goals Crews respond to incident, choose proper isolation distance and proceed into scene for rescue with proper PPE, Decon in place. Crew also has heads up display and proper meters. Crew will recognize actions needed with change of ph paper and decision to rescue

Hands on training/exercises #2 Partially ruptured drums Description: Employee states that his coworker crashed

Hands on training/exercises #2 Partially ruptured drums Description: Employee states that his coworker crashed a pallet of 55 gallon drums, the tops popped and there was a mixing of chemicals. He believes that his coworker is still in the structure and that there was a brief period of gas coming off of the drums. Materials needed: -2 -3 55 gallon drums - Apparatus bay to simulate a warehouse setting Goals Crews respond to incident, choose proper isolation distance, proceed into scene for rescue with proper PPE, Decon in place. Crew also has heads up display and proper meters. Crew will use monitors to discover heating drum, temperature will be given to them by a proctor/officer in charge of the drill.

 Questions?

Questions?

Hands on training/exercises Scenario #1 Scenario #2 Instructor Notes Direct crew responding that dummy/person

Hands on training/exercises Scenario #1 Scenario #2 Instructor Notes Direct crew responding that dummy/person in the doorway is showing movement and signs of life. Prompt crew entering the area that their p. H paper turns to red about 15 ft from victim. Make sure crew stops and proceeds after proper decision making process. Direct crew responding that one drum upon their approach is rising in temperature, give crew a moderate temp. Direct crew that they are unable to see any victim from door, no line of sight. Make sure crew makes the decision to leave the scene due to no line of sight rescue.

Snohomish County Hazmat Operations Guide for Rescue

Snohomish County Hazmat Operations Guide for Rescue