Smoking Smoking Tobacco has been known and used
Smoking
Smoking…… Tobacco has been known and used for centuries: • It can be snuffed; • It can be chewed; • It can be placed between gum& lips; or • It can be smoked.
Smoking…… The most popular method of tobacco use is smoking→ cigarettes became popular in the early 1900 s-before this time tobacco was usually chewed or smoked in pipes.
Annual Deaths Attributable to Smoking in the United States
Tobacco Products n n Cigarettes Cigars – contains 23 poisons, 43 carcinogens Bidis – small hand-rolled, flavored cigarettes, contain 3 times more CO and nicotine, and 5 times more tar than cigarettes Smokeless tobacco l l Chewing tobacco Snuff
Effects of tobacco smoking: The primary drug in tobacco is nicotine. • There is 1 -2 mg nicotine in one cigarette and 90% of this amount being absorbed when inhaled.
Tobacco And Its Effects n n n Smoke contains 4, 700 chemical substances Nicotine – chemical stimulant nicotine impairs the cleansing function of cilia Tar – condensed particulate matter from smoke that accumulates in the lungs Phenols – chemical irritant in smoke that may combine with other chemicals to contribute to the development of lung cancer Carbon monoxide – tobacco smoke contains 800 times the level considered safe by the U. S. E. P. A
Physiological Effects Of Nicotine n n Nicotine is a powerful central nervous system stimulant Nicotine increases heart and respiratory rates, constricts blood vessels, and raises blood pressure Nicotine decreases blood sugar levels and increase hunger Nicotine poisoning symptoms: l l Dizziness Lightheadedness Rapid pulse Nausea
Health Hazards Of Smoking n n Cancer Cardiovascular disease l l n n Stroke Respiratory disorders l l n n Platelet adhesiveness Hypertension Chronic bronchitis Emphysema Sexual dysfunction Gum disease
Smoking increases the risk of the cancer in the following organs: arynx cancer: n 2 -Oesophageal Cancer: n 4 -Stomach Cancer: n 5 -Liver Cancer: n 6 -Pancreas Cancer: n 7 -Colorectal Cancer: n 8 -Kidney Cancer: n 9 -Blood Cancer: n
Chronic Horseness&Laryngeal Polyps: Persistant horse voice&Vocal cord polyps Gum, Dental and Mouth Disease: periodontal disease&poor mouth hygiene Stroke: Atherosclerosis&throbus formation
How Cigarette Smoking Damages the Lungs
1 -Miscarriage 2 -Pre-mature Delivery n 3 -Stillbirth 4 -Low Birth Weight 5 -SIDS n The nicotine, carbon monoxide&other harmful n chemicals enters her blood stream, pass directly into the baby’s body &prevent the baby from getting essential nutrients&Oxygen for growth
If the mother smokes, the baby is exposed to the n nicotine and other smoke poisons from her breast milk. Nicotine could cause numerous unwanted symptoms in the baby (such as restlessness, a rapid heartbeat, vomiting, or diarrhea). *Smoking affects Oral Contraceptives: n Women who are smoking&using oral n contraceptives are ten times more at risk of Heart attack&Stroke compared to those who are smoking but not taking contraceptives
Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) n Mainstream – smoke drawn through tobacco while inhaling n Side stream – smoke from the burning end of a cigarette or exhaled by a smoker n Involuntary or passive smokers – breath smoke from someone else’s smoking product n 9 out 10 nonsmoking Americans are exposed to ETS
Risks From ETS n n n Sidestream smoke contains more carcinogenic substances Sidestream smoke has 2 times more tar and nicotine, 5 times more carbon monoxide, 50 times more ammonia ETS is responsible for 3, 000 lung cancer deaths, 35, 000 CVD deaths, 13, 000 deaths from other cancers
Protecting Yourself and Others from Secondhand Smoke
tine o c i n n Criteria for Nicotine dependency: § Tolerance n Withdrawal symptoms when use discontinued n Used in greater amounts over longer period of time than intended n A persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or quit n A great deal of time spent using the substance
Criteria for Nicotine dependency: Giving up important social, occupational, or recreational activities because of the substance n Continued use despite knowledge of medical problems related to use and/or social& legal problems resulting from use. n
n ine t o nic Withdrawal of nicotine It refers to the cessation of nicotine use by an individual in whom dependence is established. n When the use of products containing nicotine is stopped abruptly, within 24 hours the user will likely experience maximal physical and/or psychological withdrawal symptoms.
ine n nicot i Criteria for Nicotine withdrawal syndrome n n n n n Dysphoric or depressed mood Insomnia Irritability, frustration, and anger Anxiety Difficulty concentrating Restlessness Decreased heart rate Increased appetite or weight gain Cravings for tobacco
tine o c i N Criteria for Nicotine withdrawal syndrome A-Duration n Most symptoms diminish over a few weeks. n Relapse is common within 1 week when the withdrawal symptoms are at peak. n Cravings for tobacco, increased appetite, and weight gain may persist for months or years.
Quitting n Nicotine replacement products l l Nicotine gum Nicotine patch Nasal spray Nicotine inhaler
Recommended Therapies for Smoking Cessation
Benefits Of Quitting n n n Many tissues damaged by smoking can repair themselves in the absence of smoke Airways are cleared of mucous Circulation improves Senses of taste and smell are restored At the end of 10 smoke-free years, the ex-smoker can expect to live a normal life span
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