SMI STEFAN MEYER INSTITUTE Review of the experiment

SMI – STEFAN MEYER INSTITUTE Review of the experiment VIP(2) in LNGS, present status and outlook Johann Marton Stefan Meyer Institute ÖAW-Vienna https: //www. lngs. infn. it/en/pagine/vip-eng Project P 30635 -N 36 WWW: OEAW. AC. AT/SMI Is quantum theory exact? . . . LNF, June 2018

SMI – STEFAN MEYER INSTITUTE VIP-2 Collaboration ITALY INFN laboratori Nazionali di Frascati: C. Curceanu, S. Bartalucci, A. Clozza, L. de Paolis, A. d’Uffizi, C. Guaraldo, M. Iliescu, K. Piscicchia(*), E. Sbardella, A. Scordo, H. Shi, D. Sirghi, F. Sirghi, L. Sperandio (*) and Museo torico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi”, Roma INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso: M. Laubenstein Università and INFN Trieste: E. Milotti AUSTRIA SMI-Vienna: C. Berucci, M. Cargnelli, J. Marton, A. Pichler, E. Widmann, J. Zmeskal FRANCE Univ. Rennes: S. di Matteo GERMANY TUM-Muenchen: O. Vazquez Doce ROMANIA IFIN-HH, Bucharest: M. Bragadireanu, D. Pietreanu, T. Ponta SWITZERLAND Now: Univ. Bologna CERN: S. Bertolucci Univ. Neuchatel: J. -P. Egger WWW: OEAW. AC. AT/SMI

CERN Courier March 2018

SMI – STEFAN MEYER INSTITUTE W. Pauli 1925 "In an atom there cannot be two or more equivalent electrons for which the values of all four quantum numbers coincide. If an electron exists in an atom for which all of these numbers have definite values, then the state is occupied. " W. Pauli, Über den Zusammenhang des Abschlusses der Elektronengruppen im Atom mit der Komplexstruktur der Spektren, Zeitschrift für Physik 31 (1925) 765. LNF July 2, 2018

Zeitschrift für Physik 1925 „Klassisch nicht beschreibbare Zweideutigkeit des Elektron“ 4. Quantenzahl

SMI – STEFAN MEYER INSTITUTE WWW: OEAW. AC. AT/SMI

SMI – STEFAN MEYER INSTITUTE Experimental tests u Atomic transitions u Nuclear reactions u PEP-forbidden nuclear structures u PEP forbidden atomic structures u Neutrino statistics u Astrophysics and cosmology WWW: OEAW. AC. AT/SMI

The proof of PEP in theory is not simple. . . already pointed out by Pauli himself Experimental tests of the validity limits of PEP are complicated and based on different assumptions for specific systems Workshop Nov 30, 2017

SMI – STEFAN MEYER INSTITUTE Requirements Due to the anticipated very small PEP violation effects (if any) strong requirements for most experiments are obvious: u Large number of fermions probing the PEP u Characteristic signal (i. e. unique indicator) u High efficient detection u Low background Experiments typically „byproduct“ of other studies WWW: OEAW. AC. AT/SMI

SMI – STEFAN MEYER INSTITUTE PEP Tests - atomic transitions From S. R. Elliott et al. , Found. Phys. 42 (2012) 1015 Recently created fermions interacting with system Distant fermions interacting with system Stable system transition WWW: OEAW. AC. AT/SMI

Experiment of Goldhaber & Scharff-Goldhaber (identification of beta-rays with atomic electrons; 1948) The data of Goldhaber and Scharff-Goldhaber were reinterpreted by Reines and Sobel to obtain a limit on the validity of Pauli Exclusion Principle in 1974 b anomalous Xray

SMI – STEFAN MEYER INSTITUTE Principle of RS and VIP(2) PEP allowed PEP forbidden ΔE ≈ 300 e. V resolvable by X-ray spectroscopy New fermions (electrons) introduced into the system WWW: OEAW. AC. AT/SMI

Ramberg & Snow experiment 1990 Instead of a radioactive source a power supply delivers fresh=„new“ electrons to test PEP. Remarkable simple table-top experiment E. Ramberg and G. A. Snow, Phys. Lett. B 238 (1990) 438 X-ray detector: Closed proportional tube Detector calibration E ~ 1200 e. V @ 8 ke. V

Brief Review of VIP X-ray detectors – Connection to kaonic atom spectroscopy at DAFNE CCDs (DEAR) SDDs (SIDDHARTA 2) LNF July 2, 2018

SMI – STEFAN MEYER INSTITUTE VIP Experiment WWW: OEAW. AC. AT/SMI

SMI – STEFAN MEYER INSTITUTE 2006 VIP Collaboration / Physics Letters B 641 (2006) 18– 22 WWW: OEAW. AC. AT/SMI

SMI – STEFAN MEYER INSTITUTE WWW: OEAW. AC. AT/SMI

SMI – STEFAN MEYER INSTITUTE WWW: OEAW. AC. AT/SMI

SMI – STEFAN MEYER INSTITUTE WWW: OEAW. AC. AT/SMI

SMI – STEFAN MEYER INSTITUTE VIP-2 Features • Largely improved test of PEP in the lepton sector (electrons) – „atom stability test“, „spin statistics test“ • Use of X-ray detectors developed for spectroscopy of hadronic (kaonic) atoms • Shielding by rock coverage LNGS • Background reduction in underground experiments – important for all high sensitivity underground experiments WWW: OEAW. AC. AT/SMI

SMI – STEFAN MEYER INSTITUTE Dr. Andreas Pichler Ph. D Thesis 2018 to be published WWW: OEAW. AC. AT/SMI

SMI – STEFAN MEYER INSTITUTE Recent activities 2018 • VIP 2 vacuum system improvement and new SDDs (4 x 2 type) • Test of the apparatus at SMI in Vienna • Transport and Installation of VIP 2, installation on platform • After tests - ready for active and passive shielding WWW: OEAW. AC. AT/SMI

SMI – STEFAN MEYER INSTITUTE Toward the final result WWW: OEAW. AC. AT/SMI

SMI – STEFAN MEYER INSTITUTE From the referee report The VIP experiment is presently the state of the art for testing the Pauli Exclusion Principle. The project successfully improved the previous version, as planned, and the new results are a substantial improvement. It was certainly a scientific success. WWW: OEAW. AC. AT/SMI

SMI – STEFAN MEYER INSTITUTE J. Marton, chapter “Underground Test of Quantum Mechanics: The VIP 2 Experiment“ in A. Khrennikov, Quantum Foundations, Probability and Information, Springer, 2018 in press. WWW: OEAW. AC. AT/SMI

Andreas Pichler Ph. D Student Associated to DK-PI Finished April 2018 with distinction Now Post. Doc in the framework of the FWF project

New Studie of the VIP(2) Method E. Milotti 2018, submitted to Entropy Journal See Talk on Thursday by E. Milotti

SMI – STEFAN MEYER INSTITUTE Lev Okun 1929 -2015 "The special place enjoyed by the Pauli principle in modern theoretical physics does not mean that this principle does not require further and exhaustive experimental tests. On the contrary, it is specifically the fundamental nature of the Pauli principle which would make such tests, over the entire periodic table, of special interest. " Thank you WWW: OEAW. AC. AT/SMI