Smart Resource Project Deliverable 2 1 RGBDF Resource

Smart. Resource Project: Deliverable 2. 1 RG/BDF: Resource Goal/Behaviour Description Framework RG/BDF-Lite ( RG/BDFS + Goal&Behaviour Ontology ) Resource Agent “Expert” “Device” Resource Agent “Service” University of Jyväskylä Industrial Ontologies Group

Project Team: Industrial Ontologies Group University of Jyväskylä Kharkov National University of Radioelectronics • • Researchers Vagan Terziyan (leader) q Oleksiy Khriyenko q Olena Kaykova q Sergiy Nikitin q Timo Tiihonen q Andriy Zharko q Anton Naumenko q Yaroslav Tsaruk Contact Person: Timo Tiihonen q URL: http: //www. cs. jyu. fi/ai/Onto. Group e-mails: tiihonen@it. jyu. fi vagan@it. jyu. fi q phone: +358 14 260 2741 q

Introduction to RG/BDFS

Smart Resource 2005 Scenario (3 scenes) Agent plays roles: Scene 1: “no play”; Scene 2: “student”; Scene 3: “diagnostic expert” “Device” Labelled data “Service” Labelled data Qu ery ing res diag ult nos s tic Agent plays roles: Wa Scene 1: “diagnostic expert”; Scene 2: “no play”; Scene 3: “no play” tch in dia g and gno stic query dat ing a “Expert” La be lle d da ta “Knowledge Transfer from Expert to Service” data d e l l Labe r ta fo a d g g ryin Que learnin Diagnostic model History data nd lts a ple resu m sa stic Agent plays roles: g o n i n n g r a Scene 1: “patient”; Lea ng di i y Scene 2: “teacher”; er Qu Scene 3: “patient”

BDI (Beliefs-Desires-Intensions): Underlying Model for RGBDF Context RSCDF Beliefs Profiles Desires Intensions Roles Goals Behavior Communication Observation Actions Execution RGB SCDF Jonker C. , Terziyan V. , Treur J. , Temporal and Spatial Analysis to Personalize an Agent’s Dynamic Belief, Desire and Intention Profiles, In: M. Klush et al. (eds. ), Cooperative Information Agents VII: Proceedings of the 7 -th International Workshop on Cooperative Information Agents (CIA-2003), Helsinki, Finland, August 27 -29, 2003, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, V. 2782, Springer-Verlag, pp. 289 -315.

Roles Statement BDI Architecture sufficient Beliefs Profiles necessary rscdfs: true. In. Context rscdfs: false. In. Context Beliefs rdf: object rdf: subject rscdfs: predicate Agent Profiles rgbdfs: has. Role

Goals Statement BDI Architecture sufficient Beliefs Desires necessary rscdfs: true. In. Context rscdfs: false. In. Context Beliefs Profiles rdf: object rdf: subject rscdfs: predicate Agent Desires rgbdfs: has. Goals

Behavior Statement BDI Architecture sufficient Beliefs Intensions necessary rscdfs: true. In. Context rscdfs: false. In. Context Beliefs Desires rdf: object rdf: subject rscdfs: predicate Agent Intensions rgbdfs: has. Behaviour

Execution Statement BDI Architecture sufficient Beliefs Actions necessary rscdfs: true. In. Context rscdfs: false. In. Context Beliefs Intentions rdf: object rdf: subject rscdfs: predicate Agent Actions rgbdfs: Execute

RG/BDFS Goal Statement rgbdfs: Goal_Statement is a class of the “goal” instances. This class is similar to rscdfs: SR_Statement and is a subclass of it. Triple <SSS-PPP-OOO> describes some fact-statement which is not true in the current resource state, but resource is aimed to make it true (an Agent intends to achieve this goal). Each goal is dynamic and can be aimed by resource in a certain context. rscdfs: Context_SR_Container rscdfs: true. In. Context rscdfs: false. In. Context rscdfs: Context_SR_Container rgbdfs: Goal_Statement rdf: object rdf: subject rscdfs: predicate SSS PPP OOO

RG/BDFS Goal Statement Example Mirja has flowers Mirja has birthday rscdfs: true. In. Context rscdfs: false. In. Context Mirja likes flowers rgbdfs: Goal_Statement rdf: object rdf: subject rscdfs: predicate Mirja flowers has

RG/BDFS has_goals Statement rscdfs: Context_SR_Container rscdfs: true. In. Context rscdfs: false. In. Context rscdfs: SR_Statement rdf: object rdf: subject rscdfs: predicate rgbdfs: Goal_Container rscdfs: Resource. Agent rgbdfs: has. Goals rgbdfs: Goal_Statement

RG/BDFS Behaviour Statements rgbdfs: Behaviour_Statement is a class of the behaviour instances. This class is a subclass of rscdfs: SR_Statement with extended properties. rscdfs: Resource. Agent class plays role of the subject range. Range of the statement’s predicate is restricted by rgbdfs: B_Property class (subclass of the rscdfs: SR_Property). An object of the behaviour statement can be represented by rgbdfs: Behaviour_Container (container of nested behaviour statements if root behaviour is complex) or atomic execution. rscdfs: false. In. Context property makes a link to goal container, which contains goal statement(s) (because behaving has a sense when a goal is not achieved). If the presence of a Goal is a necessary condition for the behaviour, then context statements (condition of the environment) is a sufficient condition (which is represented by contextual container via the rscdfs: true. In. Context property). rgbdfs: Goal_Container rscdfs: Context_SR_Container rscdfs: true. In. Context rgbdfs: false. In. Context rgbdfs: Behaviour_Statement rgbdfs: subject rgbdfs: predicate rscdfs: Resource. Agent rdf: object rgbdfs: Behaviour_Container rgbdfs: has. Behaviour

Behaviour Statement Example Agent has presented flowers to Mirja Agent has money rscdfs: true. In. Context rgbdfs: false. In. Context rgbdfs: Behaviour_Statement rgbdfs: subject rgbdfs: predicate rscdfs: Resource. Agent rdf: object Agent buys flowers rgbdfs: has. Behaviour Agent comes to Mirja Agent presents flowers to Mirja

RG/BDFS Containers rgbdfs: Goal_Container is a class of the goal container instances. This class is a subclass of rscdfs: SR_Container in general. It represents a container of goal statements, which define the goals. Such container plays a role of context (via rscdfs: false. In. Context property) for a behaviour statement till the goal will be achieved, and that is why it is a direct subclass of rscdfs: Context_SR_Container. rgbdfs: g. Member property is a redefined from rscdfs: member property and defines instance of the rgbdfs: Goal_Statement class as a member of the container. rgbdfs: Behaviour_Container is a class of the behaviour container instances. As a subclass of rscdfs: SR_Statement it has a redefined rgbdfs: b. Member property. A main role of the behaviour container is to collect the nested behaviours for a complex behaviour (represented by behaviour statement). rgbdfs: Goal_Container rgbdfs: g. Member rgbdfs: Goal_Statement rgbdfs: Behaviour_Container rgbdfs: b. Member rgbdfs: Behaviour_Statement

RG/BDFS Complex (nested) Goals rscdfs: Context_SR_Container rscdfs: true. In. Context rscdfs: Context_SR_Container rscdfs: SR_Statement rscdfs: true. In. Context rscdfs: SR_Statement rscdfs: predicate rdf: object rdf: subject rgbdfs: sub. Goal rgbdfs: Goal_Container rgbdfs: Goal_Statement rdf: subject SSS rscdfs: predicate rgbdfs: Goal_Statement rdf: object OOO rgbdfs: Goal_Statement PPP Some complex goals can be divided to the set of component sub-goals. Thus, goal container plays role of the goal set, members of which are sub goals of complex goal. A property rgbdfs: sub. Goal is defined in RG/BDFS-lite to specify the set of sub goals for a complex goal. The domain and range for this property are rgbdfs: Goal_Statement and rgbdfs: Goal_Container classes correspondingly.

Complex Goal Example rscdfs: Context_SR_Container rscdfs: SR_Statement Mirja has birthday Mirja likes flowers rscdfs: true. In. Context rscdfs: predicate rdf: object rdf: subject rgbdfs: sub. Goal rgbdfs: Goal_Container rgbdfs: Goal_Statement rdf: subject Mirja rscdfs: predicate Agent has > 10 EURO rdf: object Flowers has Agent is located at the flower market Agent has flowers Agent is located at Mirja’s home

RG/BDFS Behaviour rgbdfs: Goal_Container rscdfs: Context_SR_Container rscdfs: true. In. Context rscdfs: SR_Statement rgbdfs: false. In. Context rgbdfs: Behaviour_Statement rgbdfs: subject rdf: object rgbdfs: predicate rgbdfs: Behaviour_Container rgbdfs: Goal_Container rscdfs: Resource. Agent rgbdfs: Behaviuor_Statement rgbdfs: has. Behaviour rgbdfs: Behaviuor_Statement rgbdfs: subject rgbdfs: predicate rscdfs: Resource. Agent rscdfs: false. In. Context rdf: object rgbdfs: Execution rgbdfs: execute Simple behaviour, which means performing a certain action (execution of certain method, code…), can be described via rgbdfs: execute property (instance of the rgbdfs: B_Property class), which defines instance of rgbdfs: Execution class for a resource agent. This instance describes exact method (code, service and etc. ), inputs, outputs and other features of execution entry. RG/BDFS-lite has rgbdfs: has. Behaviour property (instance of the rgbdfs: B_Property class) to define a complex behaviour (which means performing a set of nested behaviours) for an agent. This property defines a set of behaviour statements via behaviour container for a resource agent.

Behaviour Example Mirja has flowers Agent has money rscdfs: true. In. Context rscdfs: SR_Statement rgbdfs: Behaviour_Statement rgbdfs: subject rscdfs: Resource. Agent rgbdfs: false. In. Context Agent has flowers rdf: object Agent is located at Mirja’s home rgbdfs: predicate rgbdfs: Behaviour_Container rscdfs: false. In. Context Agent buys flowers rgbdfs: has. Behaviour rscdfs: false. In. Context Agent comes to Mirja Agent presents flowers to Mirija rgbdfs: subject rgbdfs: predicate rscdfs: Resource. Agent rscdfs: true. In. Context rdf: object rgbdfs: Execution rgbdfs: execute

RG/BDFS rscdfs: Context_SR_Container Role rscdfs: Context_SR_Container rscdfs: true. In. Context rscdfs: SR_Statement rdf: subject rscdfs: Resource. Agent rscdfs: predicate rgbdfs: has. Role rscdfs: true. In. Context rdf: object rdf: subject rscdfs: SR_Statement rdf: object rgbdfs: Role rscdfs: predicate rgbdfs: goals rscdfs: Context_SR_Container rscdfs: true. In. Context rdf: subject rscdfs: Resource. Agent rgbdfs: Goal_Container rscdfs: SR_Statement rscdfs: predicate rdf: object rgbdfs: Goal_Statement rgbdfs: has. Goals Another important part of behaviour structuring is an agent role and related goal definition. rgbdfs: has. Role property defines a role (rgbdfs: Role) for resource agent in certain context. Another property, that is related to the agent role, is rgbdfs: goals, which defines a goal or a set of the goals correspondent to the subject role via a goal container. Resource agent may have different roles and a set of goals can be different even for the same role depending on the context (environment condition). At the same time a set of the goals can be linked to certain agent directly (without role specification) through rgbdfs: has. Goals property. .

Agent Architecture RG/BDF approach assumes keeping all the goals, roles descriptions and behaviour rules templates in ontology. The behaviour rules templates are described in general way with a purpose to be applied to any particular agent. Such description requires utilization of a handy and flexible description schema (R G/BDFS-Lite). Smart. Resource platform contains a Resource History where it stores all statements about resource states and conditions, actions that are performed by resource agent and other information that can be useful for it. There also can be located some executable modules (codes) that agent should perform as an output of its behaviour rule chain. Otherwise it should utilize external web services. Agent always should interact with ontology to be able to download necessary role, goal description or behaviour template whenever the agent needs it. Behaviour template represents a rule for behaviour. Represented by behaviour statement the template contains necessary condition (goal) and sufficient condition (condition of the environment) as the contexts of rule performance and a set of the performance descriptions as an output of the rule. Ontology Roles Goals Resource Agent Templates Behaviour rules Execution module descriptions Resource History Templates Behaviour description Executable modules or Web Services

Template examples

Role and Goal templates

Nested Goal template

Nested agent behaviour

Smart. Resource Layered Cake of Specifications OWL provides ontological extension for RGBDF Schema defines goals and behavior rules for GUN agents mental states of agents resulted from behavior Rsc. DF Schema defines context-sensitive properties for GUN resources Rsc. DF document with encoded data about RDFS RGBDF document with encoded data about states and conditions of a resource in a context RDF Specification as a language for data representation in Rsc. DF and RGBDF documents XML as a basis for RDF, RDFS and document serialization contains ontological basis for RDF, RCSDF and RGBDF RDFS, Rsc. DFS and RGBDFS Schemas

RDF Evolution towards GUN