Smart Prim Critical Thinking Presented by B W

Smart. Prim: Critical Thinking Presented by B. W. Duldt-Battey, Ph. D. , R. N. 9/30/2020 B. W. Duldt-Battey 1

Critical Thinking n n n Describing Phenomena Defining Concepts Logic Argumentation Dissemination Implementation 9/30/2020 n Persuasion: A Leader without followers is not a leader. n n B. W. Duldt-Battey Reasoning Speaking Writing Influence 2

Role of Faculty n n n Preparing Leaders for this new century. Leaders identify needs, change. Leaders use logic. Leaders persuade followers. Leaders have an influence. Leaders make a difference. 9/30/2020 B. W. Duldt-Battey 3

Defining Concepts n Dictionary n n n n Derivation Synonym Antonym n n Operational Scope Exceptions Accomplishment 9/30/2020 n Metaphor Analogies Authority Quotes Set of Elements n n B. W. Duldt-Battey Static Process Theories Research 4

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Defining, continued n n Level of Abstraction Level of Measurement n n 9/30/2020 Nominal Ordinal Interval Ratio B. W. Duldt-Battey 6

Logical forms n n n Disjunctive – either A or B Conjunctive – both A and B Conditional – if A, then B (causal) 9/30/2020 B. W. Duldt-Battey 7

Correlational Forms n Direct n n ^ A, ^ B v A, v B ~ A, ~ B Inverse n 9/30/2020 ^ A, v B or v A, ^ B B. W. Duldt-Battey 8

Deterministic Forms n Given conditions C 1…Cn, if A, then B 9/30/2020 B. W. Duldt-Battey 9

Probabilities Form n Given conditions C 1…Cn, if A, then B With probability of X 9/30/2020 B. W. Duldt-Battey 10

Relationship Between Concepts n Theories n n Research n n Statements of hypothesis Principles n n A system of relationship statements Relates two or more concepts Law n 9/30/2020 Structure of arguments & debate B. W. Duldt-Battey 11

Structure of Paper n Introduction n Body n n n Purpose & Position statement Outline of body Three supporting aspects Counter-argument & rebuttal Conclusion 9/30/2020 B. W. Duldt-Battey 12

Evaluation of Paper n n n Conceptual vs. Position paper. Objective criteria; Item present or not. Weighted factors. n n Reasoning. Opposition, reservations, qualifiers. Organization, clarity. Style manual. 9/30/2020 B. W. Duldt-Battey 13

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Position Statement n n Definitive – whether something is, was, or will be. Designative – answers questions of fact. Evaluative – what value something is, was, or will be. Activative – what should be accepted or be done. 9/30/2020 B. W. Duldt-Battey 16

Warrant n n n Justification of act or belief. Bridges claim and evidence; Causes them to be associated with probability. Authoritative – expert statements. Motivational – why support it. Substantive – arguments arising from the substance itself. 9/30/2020 B. W. Duldt-Battey 17

Evidence n n n Must be germane. Eager/ reluctant Must be believable. Pre-appointed or Real/personal casual 9/30/2020 n n B. W. Duldt-Battey Original/hearsay Direct/circumstantial Positive/negative Written/unwritten 18

Escape Hatches n n Reservations Unless vs. Always or never 9/30/2020 n n n B. W. Duldt-Battey Qualifier Probability Presumably 19

Assessing Thinking Criteria n n n “Its true because I believe it” or innate egocentrism. “Its true because we believe it” or innate sociocentrism. “Its true because I want to believe it” or innate wish fulfillment. 9/30/2020 B. W. Duldt-Battey 20

Assessing Thinking Criteria, cont n n “Its true because I have always believed it” or innate self-validation. “Its true because it is in my vested interest to believe it” or innate selfishness. 9/30/2020 B. W. Duldt-Battey 21

Wisdom & Decisions n Is my thinking: n n n 9/30/2020 Clear? Accurate? As precise as it needs to be? Relevant to the issue? Too narrow or one-sided? B. W. Duldt-Battey 22

Wisdom & Decisions, Cont. n Is my thinking? n n n 9/30/2020 Dealing with the complexities of this issue or problem? Too narrow or one-sided? Logical? Focusing on what is most significant? Taking into account the multiple perspectives I need to consider? B. W. Duldt-Battey 23

Scholarship n n Discovery – 1 st to know, see, to be aware of what is happening. Integration – New analysis of parts for new perspective, insights. Application – Use of intervention in clinical practice, remedy. Dissemination – Publish, teach, lead. 9/30/2020 B. W. Duldt-Battey 24

Smart. Prim Documents n Computer Assisted Instruction Disk/CD n n Student Computer Tutor Handbook n n © TX 4 -830 -169 Instructor’s Manual n n © TX 4 -938 -004 © TX 4 -901 -047 Available from ASK Data Systems http: //www. askdatasystems. com. / 1 -800 -292 -7211 9/30/2020 B. W. Duldt-Battey 25