Smart Home Technologies Networking Networking for Smart Homes

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Smart Home Technologies Networking

Smart Home Technologies Networking

Networking for Smart Homes n n n Requirements Network Topologies Technologies n n Networking

Networking for Smart Homes n n n Requirements Network Topologies Technologies n n Networking Service Discovery

Requirements n Noise Rejection n Bandwidth n n n Sensors have to be connected

Requirements n Noise Rejection n Bandwidth n n n Sensors have to be connected to processing units Integration n n Smart Homes can contain many sensors and actuators Sensor data can be generated at different rates Connectivity n n Network has to allow for reliable communication Requires preservation of data and synchronization of data lines Network structures have to be integrated into buildings Privacy and Security n Smart Home networks will transfer private and sensitive data

Bandwidth Requirements Example n n n n Camera (15) – 320 x 240, 8

Bandwidth Requirements Example n n n n Camera (15) – 320 x 240, 8 -bit color Motion (15) – distance, direction, velocity Temperature (12) Humidity (12) Light (12) – frequency, intensity Microphone (12) – 8000 Hz Gas (4) Pressure (100)

Bandwidth Requirements Sensor Number Bits/sec (1) Bits/sec (total) Camera (320 x 240) 8 -bit

Bandwidth Requirements Sensor Number Bits/sec (1) Bits/sec (total) Camera (320 x 240) 8 -bit color 15 184, 320 2, 764, 800 Motion (dir/dis/vel) 15 48 720 Temperature 12 16 192 Humidity 12 16 192 Light (inten/freq) 12 32 384 Microphone (8 KHz) 12 64, 000 768, 000 Gas 4 16 64 Pressure 100 16 1600 Total 182 248, 464 3, 535, 952

Other Bandwidth Requirements n Audio n n n n Phones (16 k. Hz, 8

Other Bandwidth Requirements n Audio n n n n Phones (16 k. Hz, 8 bit) Radios (44 k. Hz, 16 bit) TVs (44 k. Hz, 16 bit) Media players (44 k. Hz, 16 bit) Monitoring (16 k. Hz, 8 bit) n n n 2. 4 Mbits/sec (one each) Internet, control, … Video n n Phones (30 fps, 320 x 240, 8 -bit color) TVs (60 fps, 1024 x 768, 24 -bit color) Video players (60 fps, 1024 x 768, 24 -bit color) Monitoring (30 fps, 320 x 240, 8 -bit color) ~6. 9 Gbits/sec (one each)

Other Bandwidth Requirements

Other Bandwidth Requirements

Other Network Requirements n n n Worst-case throughput: 10 Gbits/sec Maximum throughput: 5 Gbits/sec

Other Network Requirements n n n Worst-case throughput: 10 Gbits/sec Maximum throughput: 5 Gbits/sec Quality of Service (Qo. S) n n Audio, video Plug and play (service discovery)

Network Topologies n Infrastructure-Based Networks n n Point-To-Point Networks n n Pre-defined routes through

Network Topologies n Infrastructure-Based Networks n n Point-To-Point Networks n n Pre-defined routes through the network Nodes can directly address each other and routers forward packets appropriately Addition of nodes changes the routing pattern Every node has a connection to every other node Communication is directly between the nodes High overhead setting up the connections for new nodes Ad-Hoc Networks n n n Routes are determined “on the fly” and can change Nodes forward signals for other nodes Addition of nodes can be handled relatively straightforwardly

Topologies (Point-to-Point) n A B n Every device is connected to every other device

Topologies (Point-to-Point) n A B n Every device is connected to every other device Good points n C D n n simplest approach no addressing needed everyone is your neighbor you can always talk to your neighbor Bad points n number of ports/lines grow relatively quickly with the number of devices

Topologies (Hierarchy) n A B Devices are connected via hubs to other devices n

Topologies (Hierarchy) n A B Devices are connected via hubs to other devices n n Good points n C n n fewer connections devices can have neighborhoods Bad points n D If everyone is connected to a single hub, it is called a Star topology n n you need an address you may have to wait to talk to a neighbor asymmetric communication with some devices

Topologies (Broadcast) n A n B All of the devices are connected to a

Topologies (Broadcast) n A n B All of the devices are connected to a single wire Good points n n C n Bad points n D single wire everyone is your neighbor n n n you need an address you may have to wait to talk to anyone collisions can occur communication times become statistical

Physical Addresses n A 0001 n If more than two devices are on the

Physical Addresses n A 0001 n If more than two devices are on the same wire (bus), you will need an address to send and receive data Approaches n B 1111 n n Issues n C D 1000 n 1100 separate vs. combined data/address lines hardwired vs. selectable address n as the number of devices increase, the address space (size of the address) must increase hardwired addresses may tell you nothing about the network topology addresses will be used up by devices that might not be on-line n so your address space may be too big, causing too much overhead

Virtual Addresses n A B C 00 A solution to some physical address problems

Virtual Addresses n A B C 00 A solution to some physical address problems is a virtual address n 01 10 n n Approaches n n D 11 n the address space (size of the address) can be reduced by only giving addresses to on-line devices addresses can be set up to support network topology fixed vs. run-time addresses universal vs. p-to-p addresses Issues n n how to assign them their relationship to the physical address

Network Technologies n Wired n n Phone Line Power Line New Wireless n n

Network Technologies n Wired n n Phone Line Power Line New Wireless n n RF Infrared

Wired Network Technology Examples n Phone line n n Power line n n n

Wired Network Technology Examples n Phone line n n Power line n n n Home Phoneline Networking Alliance (Home. PNA) X 10 Consumer Electronics Bus (CEBus) Home. Plug Lon. Works New wire n n n Ethernet (coax, twisted pair, optical fiber) Universal Serial Bus (USB) IEEE 1394 Firewire n n Home Audio Video Interoperability (HAVi) Specialty: audio, video

Phoneline Networking n Home Phoneline Networking Alliance (Home. PNA) n n IEEE 802. 3

Phoneline Networking n Home Phoneline Networking Alliance (Home. PNA) n n IEEE 802. 3 (Ethernet) n n n www. homepna. org Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detect (CSMA/CD) 10 Mbps (HPNA 2. 0) Length: 500 feet

Home. PNA Packet

Home. PNA Packet

Home. PNA Frequencies n n n Standard voice (POTS): 20 Hz - 3. 4

Home. PNA Frequencies n n n Standard voice (POTS): 20 Hz - 3. 4 k. Hz UADSL: 25 k. Hz - 1. 1 MHz Home network: 5. 5 MHz - 9. 5 MHz

Phoneline Network Issues n Random wiring topologies & signal attenuation n n Home phoneline

Phoneline Network Issues n Random wiring topologies & signal attenuation n n Home phoneline wiring system is a random “tree” topology Simply plugging in the phone or disconnecting the fax changes the tree This topology can cause signal attenuation Signal noise n Appliances, heaters, air conditioners, consumer appliances & telephones can introduce signal noise onto the phone wires

Powerline Networking n n n Ubiquity of power lines 10+ Mbps Technologies n n

Powerline Networking n n n Ubiquity of power lines 10+ Mbps Technologies n n X 10 Consumer Electronics Bus (CEBus) Home. Plug Lon. Works

X 10 n n n X 10 controllers send signals over existing AC wiring

X 10 n n n X 10 controllers send signals over existing AC wiring to receiver modules X 10 technology transmits binary data using the Amplitude Modulation (AM) technique www. x 10. com

X 10 n n n To differentiate the data symbols, the carrier uses the

X 10 n n n To differentiate the data symbols, the carrier uses the zero-voltage crossing point of the 60 Hz AC sine wave on the cycle’s positive or negative transition Synchronized receivers accept the carrier at each zero-crossing point X 10 uses two zero crossings to transmit a binary digit so as to reduce errors

X 10 n n Every bit requires a full 60 Hertz cycle and thus

X 10 n n Every bit requires a full 60 Hertz cycle and thus the X 10 transmission rate is limited to only 60 bps Usually a complete X 10 command consists of two packets with a 3 cycle gap between each packet n n Each packet contains two identical messages of 11 bits (or 11 cycles) each A complete X-10 command consumes 47 cycles that yields a transmission time of about 0. 8 s

Consumer Electronics Bus (CEBus) n Open standard providing separate physical layer specification for communication

Consumer Electronics Bus (CEBus) n Open standard providing separate physical layer specification for communication on power lines and other media n n n Electronic Industries Association (EIA-600) www. cebus. org Data packets are transmitted by the transceiver at about 10 Kbps Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detect (CSMA/CD) Employing spread spectrum technology (100 Hz-400 Hz)

OSI and CEBus (EIA-600)

OSI and CEBus (EIA-600)

Spread Spectrum Modulation n n Frequency spectrum of a data-signal is spread using a

Spread Spectrum Modulation n n Frequency spectrum of a data-signal is spread using a code uncorrelated with that signal Sacrifices bandwidth to gain signal-to-noise performance

Home. Plug n Home. Plug Powerline Alliance n n www. homeplug. org Spread-spectrum technology

Home. Plug n Home. Plug Powerline Alliance n n www. homeplug. org Spread-spectrum technology

Home. Plug n Speed n n Support file transfers at 10 Base. T-like rates

Home. Plug n Speed n n Support file transfers at 10 Base. T-like rates Either node-to-node file transfer or scenarios with multiple nodes performing simultaneous file transfers Home. Plug 1. 0 (14 Mbps) Voice over IP (Vo. IP) n Maintain adequate Qo. S while supporting multiple, simultaneous Vo. IP calls while other nodes are transferring files and during multiple media streams

Home. Plug n Interoperability n n n Interoperate with other networking technologies Co-exist with

Home. Plug n Interoperability n n n Interoperate with other networking technologies Co-exist with existing powerline networking technologies such as X-10, CEBus and Lon. Works Security n n n Contain strong privacy features Support multiple logical networks on a single physical medium Be applicable to markets in North America, Europe and Asia

Lon. Works n n Local Operation Networks (Lon. Works) Developed by Echelon Corporation n

Lon. Works n n Local Operation Networks (Lon. Works) Developed by Echelon Corporation n n www. echelon. com Provides a peer-to-peer communication protocol, implementing Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) techniques 1. 25 Mbps Works for other wired and wireless media

Lon. Works n n n A common message-based communications protocol Lon. Talk protocol implements

Lon. Works n n n A common message-based communications protocol Lon. Talk protocol implements all seven layers of the OSI model using a mixture of hardware and firmware on a silicon chip Protocol can be run as fast as 20 MHz

Powerline Network Issues n Noise n n Switching power supplies Wound motors n n

Powerline Network Issues n Noise n n Switching power supplies Wound motors n n Vacuum cleaners, kitchen appliances, drills Dimmers Security Signal attenuation

New Wire Networking n n n Ethernet (coax, twisted pair, optical fiber) Universal Serial

New Wire Networking n n n Ethernet (coax, twisted pair, optical fiber) Universal Serial Bus (USB) IEEE 1394 Firewire n n Home Audio Video Interoperability (HAVi) Specialty: audio, video

Ethernet n IEEE 802. 3 n n n IEEE 802. 3 ae n n

Ethernet n IEEE 802. 3 n n n IEEE 802. 3 ae n n n CSMA/CD Up to 1 Gbps 10 GBase-X, 10 Gps Lengths up to 40 km www. ethermanage. com/ethernet

IEEE 802. 3

IEEE 802. 3

Universal Serial Bus (USB) n n n n www. usb. org 480 Mbps Plug

Universal Serial Bus (USB) n n n n www. usb. org 480 Mbps Plug and Play Hot pluggable Up to 127 devices simultaneously Powered bus 5 m maximum cable length

IEEE 1394 Firewire (i. LINK) n Digital interface n n n No need to

IEEE 1394 Firewire (i. LINK) n Digital interface n n n No need to convert digital data into analog and tolerate a loss of data integrity Transferring data @ 100, 200, 400 Mbps Physically small n The thin serial cable can replace larger and more expensive interfaces

IEEE 1394 Firewire n n No need for terminators or device IDs Hot pluggable

IEEE 1394 Firewire n n No need for terminators or device IDs Hot pluggable n n Users can add or remove 1394 devices with the bus active Scaleable architecture n May mix 100, 200, and 400 Mbps devices on a bus

IEEE 1394 Firewire n n It can connect up to 63 devices @ transfer

IEEE 1394 Firewire n n It can connect up to 63 devices @ transfer rate of 400 Mbps Up to 16 nodes can be daisy- chained through the connectors n Standard cables up to 4. 5 m in length for a total standard cable length of 72 m

IEEE 1394 Firewire n Flexible topology n n Support of daisy chaining and branching

IEEE 1394 Firewire n Flexible topology n n Support of daisy chaining and branching for true peer-to-peer communication Non-proprietary

IEEE 1394 b n 1394 b is a significant enhancement to the basic 1394

IEEE 1394 b n 1394 b is a significant enhancement to the basic 1394 specification that enables: n n Speed increases to 3. 2 Gbps Distances of 100 meters on UTP-5, plastic optical fiber and glass optical fiber Significantly reduces latency times by using arbitration Fully backwards compatible with the current 1394 and 1394 a specifications

I 2 C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) n One of the oldest controller buses n n

I 2 C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) n One of the oldest controller buses n n Philips (1980 s) Low-cost chip-to-chip communication link n uses two wires to form a clocked serial bus n n n one called Clock (SCL) and the other Data (SDA) the SDA carries address, selection, control, and data Overview n n n multi-master bus (up to 1024 devices) can run at speed up to 3. 4 Mbps can be used as a SAN n but normal ranges are on the order of 14 cm

Home Audio Video Interoperability (HAVi) n HAVi is a digital Audio Video networking initiative

Home Audio Video Interoperability (HAVi) n HAVi is a digital Audio Video networking initiative that provides a home networking software specification n Seamless interoperability among home entertainment products Designed to meet the particular demands of digital audio and video www. havi. org

HAVi n Defines operating-system-neutral middleware that manages: n n Takes advantage of chips built

HAVi n Defines operating-system-neutral middleware that manages: n n Takes advantage of chips built into modern audio and video appliances n n Multi-directional AV streams Event schedule Registries Provides the management function of a dedicated audio-video networking system IEEE 1394 (i. LINK or Fire. Wire) has been chosen as the interconnection medium

Specialty Wiring n Audio n n Video n n Coax RCA Speaker wire Coax

Specialty Wiring n Audio n n Video n n Coax RCA Speaker wire Coax RCA VGA ~100 m maximum cable lengths

Automotive Inspired Busses

Automotive Inspired Busses

LIN (Local Interconnect Network) n n Designed for European cars (still used) Very simple

LIN (Local Interconnect Network) n n Designed for European cars (still used) Very simple n n n single wire single mastered bus Overview n n 1 master, up to 16 Slaves uses a message-based protocol maximum distance of 40 m Two data rates n 9, 600 and 19. 2 Kbps

CAN (Controller Area Network ) n CAN was designed to support emission control system

CAN (Controller Area Network ) n CAN was designed to support emission control system in European cars n n Capable of n n n but became a general automation control bus high-speed (1 Mbits/s) data transmission over short distances (40 m) low-speed (5 kbits/s) transmissions at lengths of up to 10, 000 m Overview n n a multi-master bus highly fault tolerant n Built-in support for error detection and handling

MOST (Media Oriented System Transport) n An inexpensive automotive and appliance network n n

MOST (Media Oriented System Transport) n An inexpensive automotive and appliance network n n n 25 Mbps fiber-optic bus for real-time data transfer used in surroundsound systems and CD and DVD players

Flex. Ray n n n Designed to replace LIN, CAN and MOST as a

Flex. Ray n n n Designed to replace LIN, CAN and MOST as a ‘by wire’ solution for future cars It is a fiber-optic bus (like MOST) Current speed n n But it is designed to go much higher n n 10 Mbps could run faster than 100 Mbps But remember n that is faster than most current microcontroller’s internal bus speed

Wireless Network Technologies n n n Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT) Home. RF Bluetooth

Wireless Network Technologies n n n Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT) Home. RF Bluetooth IEEE 802. 11 Hiper. LAN 2 Infrared

General Wireless n n Narrow band Spread spectrum n n n Direct Sequence (DSSS)

General Wireless n n Narrow band Spread spectrum n n n Direct Sequence (DSSS) Frequency Hopping (FHSS) Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)

DECT n n n n Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT) www. dectweb. com Digital

DECT n n n n Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT) www. dectweb. com Digital radio technology Dynamic channel selection Encryption, authentication, identification 500 Kbps – 2 Mbps Cordless phones

Home. RF n n www. homerf. org Shared Wireless Access Protocol (SWAP) n n

Home. RF n n www. homerf. org Shared Wireless Access Protocol (SWAP) n n IEEE 802. 11 for data DECT for voice

Home. RF n Specifications n n n 2. 4 GHz band FHSS 1. 6

Home. RF n Specifications n n n 2. 4 GHz band FHSS 1. 6 Mbps (10 Mbps with SWAP 2. 0) 50 m range 127 nodes

Bluetooth n n www. bluetooth. com Ericsson, the principal inventor, borrowed the name from

Bluetooth n n www. bluetooth. com Ericsson, the principal inventor, borrowed the name from Harald Bluetooth (son of Gorm) n n The King of Denmark circa 900 AD United Denmark and Norway

Bluetooth n Specifications n n 2. 4 GHz FHSS (79 channels) n n n

Bluetooth n Specifications n n 2. 4 GHz FHSS (79 channels) n n n 1600 hops per second Error correction 1 Mbps capacity, 780 Kbps throughput 10 m distance Low power (1 m. W)

Bluetooth n n Personal Area Networks (PANs) Piconet n n Collection of up to

Bluetooth n n Personal Area Networks (PANs) Piconet n n Collection of up to 8 devices using same hopping sequence Scatternet n Collection of piconets, each with different hopping sequence

IEEE 802. 11 Standard Frequency PHY Layer Data Rate Distance* 802. 11 a 5

IEEE 802. 11 Standard Frequency PHY Layer Data Rate Distance* 802. 11 a 5 GHz OFDM 54 Mbps 50 m 802. 11 b 2. 4 GHz DSSS 11 Mbps 100 m 802. 11 e, MAC layer Offers Qo. S and backwards compatibility (in committee) 802. 11 g 2. 4 GHz OFDM 54 Mbps * Data rate degrades with distance. ?

Hiper. LAN 2 n n n n www. hiperlan 2. com 5 GHz 54

Hiper. LAN 2 n n n n www. hiperlan 2. com 5 GHz 54 Mbps OFDM Automatic frequency allocation TDMA/TDD (Time Division) Qo. S support

Infrared n n www. irda. org Directed – line of sight n n Diffuse

Infrared n n www. irda. org Directed – line of sight n n Diffuse – reflective n n 1 m range Limited to room size Speed n n n 4 Mbps available 16 Mbps coming 50 Mbps possible

Wireless Networking

Wireless Networking

Wireless Issues n n Distance 2. 4 GHz interference n n Microwave ovens Cordless

Wireless Issues n n Distance 2. 4 GHz interference n n Microwave ovens Cordless phones Security Not a backbone solution

Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN) n 802. 15. X n n Intended for low

Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN) n 802. 15. X n n Intended for low cost, low distance, low power personal networks Often intended for mesh networking n E. g. Zig. Bee (build on 802. 11. 4)

Ad-Hoc Mesh Networks n Ad-Hoc networks of wireless sensors and devices n Benefits: n

Ad-Hoc Mesh Networks n Ad-Hoc networks of wireless sensors and devices n Benefits: n n Easy to build (require no infrastructure to be available) Dynamic and mobile Fault tolerant (usually no single point of failure) Challenges: n Choice of routing to optimize performance n n n Qo. S Power consumption Synchronization and collision avoidance

Service Discovery n n Self-configuring devices Device becomes aware of network, network services and

Service Discovery n n Self-configuring devices Device becomes aware of network, network services and other devices Automatic, as opposed to manual (e. g. , DHCP, DNS, LDAP) Several incompatible protocols

Service Discovery Protocols n n n Salutation Service Location Protocol (SLP) Jini Universal Plug

Service Discovery Protocols n n n Salutation Service Location Protocol (SLP) Jini Universal Plug and Play Zero-Configuration Networking

Salutation n n www. salutation. org Architecture for looking up, discovering and accessing services

Salutation n n www. salutation. org Architecture for looking up, discovering and accessing services and information

Salutation n n Abstractions for devices, applications, and services Current definitions n n n

Salutation n n Abstractions for devices, applications, and services Current definitions n n n n Printers Fax machines Document storage devices Address book Schedule Voice message answer, send, storage More coming (e. g. , display, OS)

Salutation n n Capabilities exchange protocol Service request protocol “Personalities” (standardized protocols for common

Salutation n n Capabilities exchange protocol Service request protocol “Personalities” (standardized protocols for common services) APIs for information access and session management

Service Location Protocol (SLP) n n Developed by Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Applies

Service Location Protocol (SLP) n n Developed by Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Applies existing Internet standards to service discovery problem www. srvloc. org www. openslp. org

SLP Agents n User Agent (UA) n n Service Agent (SA) n n The

SLP Agents n User Agent (UA) n n Service Agent (SA) n n The SLP User Agent is a software entity that is looking for the location of one or more services. The SLP Service Agent is a software entity that provides the location of one or more services. Directory Agent(DA) n The SLP Directory Agent is a software entity that acts as a centralized repository for service location information.

SLP Messages n Service Request (Srv. Rqst) n n Message sent by UAs to

SLP Messages n Service Request (Srv. Rqst) n n Message sent by UAs to SAs and DAs to request the location of a service. Service Reply (Srv. Rply) n Message sent by SAs and DAs in reply to a Srv. Rqst. The Srv. Rply contains the URL of the requested service.

SLP Messages (cont. ) n Service Registration (Srv. Reg) n n Service Deregister (Srv.

SLP Messages (cont. ) n Service Registration (Srv. Reg) n n Service Deregister (Srv. De. Reg) n n Message sent by SAs to DAs containing information about a service that is available. Message sent by SAs to inform DAs that a service is no longer available. Service Acknowledge (Srv. Ack) n A generic acknowledgment that is sent by DAs to SAs as a reply to Srv. Reg and Src. De. Reg messages.

SLP Messages (cont. ) n Attribute Request (Attr. Rqst) n n Message sent by

SLP Messages (cont. ) n Attribute Request (Attr. Rqst) n n Message sent by UAs to request the attributes of a service. Attribute Reply (Attr. Rply) n Message sent by SAs and DAs in reply to a Attr. Rqst. The Attr. Rply contains the list of attributes that were requested.

SLP Messages (cont. ) n Service Type Request (Srv. Type. Rqst) n n Message

SLP Messages (cont. ) n Service Type Request (Srv. Type. Rqst) n n Message sent by UAs to SAs and DAs requesting the types of services that are available. Service Type Reply (Srv. Type. Rply) n Message by SAs and DAs in reply to a Srv. Type. Rqst. The Srv. Type. Rply contains a list of requested service types.

SLP Messages (cont. ) n DA Advertisement (DAAdvert) n n SA Advertisement (SAAdvert) n

SLP Messages (cont. ) n DA Advertisement (DAAdvert) n n SA Advertisement (SAAdvert) n n Message sent by DAs to let SAs and UAs know where they are. Message sent by SAs to let UAs know where they are. Unicast or multicast messaging

Jini n n n Service discovery for networks of Javaenabled devices www. sun. com/jini

Jini n n n Service discovery for networks of Javaenabled devices www. sun. com/jini www. jini. org

Jini

Jini

Jini n n n Services Lookup Communications n n Java-RMI, CORBA, … Security Leasing

Jini n n n Services Lookup Communications n n Java-RMI, CORBA, … Security Leasing Events

Universal Plug and Play n n Microsoft’s service discovery approach IP-based discovery protocols n

Universal Plug and Play n n Microsoft’s service discovery approach IP-based discovery protocols n n n XML www. upnp. org Examples

Universal Plug and Play n Devices n n n Containers for services XML description

Universal Plug and Play n Devices n n n Containers for services XML description Services n Actions (i. e. , methods) n n Control server Event server State (i. e. , variables) XML description

Universal Plug and Play n Control points n n Retrieve the device description and

Universal Plug and Play n Control points n n Retrieve the device description and get a list of associated services. Retrieve service descriptions for interesting services. Invoke actions to control the service. Subscribe to the service’s event source. Anytime the state of the service changes, the event server will send an event to the control point.

UPn. P Protocols n n n UDP, TCP/IP, HTTP, XML Simple Service Discovery Protocol

UPn. P Protocols n n n UDP, TCP/IP, HTTP, XML Simple Service Discovery Protocol (SSDP) Generic Event Notification Architecture (GENA) n n Send/receive event notifications using HTTP over TCP/IP and multicast UDP Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) n XML and HTTP for remote procedure calls

UPn. P Protocol Stack

UPn. P Protocol Stack

Zero-Configuration Networking n n n Zeroconf (www. zeroconf. org) IETF standard Objectives n n

Zero-Configuration Networking n n n Zeroconf (www. zeroconf. org) IETF standard Objectives n n Allocate addresses without a DHCP server Translate between names and IP addresses without a DNS server Find services, like printers, without a directory server Allocate IP Multicast addresses without a MADCAP server n Multicast Address Dynamic Client Allocation Protocol

Zeroconf Protocols n Address autoconfiguration n n Configure interfaces with unique addresses Determine which

Zeroconf Protocols n Address autoconfiguration n n Configure interfaces with unique addresses Determine which subnet mask to use Detect duplicate address assignment Cope with collisions Name-to-address translation n n Multicast DNS Decentralized

Zeroconf Protocols n Service discovery n n Service Location Protocol (SLP) DNS Service Resource

Zeroconf Protocols n Service discovery n n Service Location Protocol (SLP) DNS Service Resource Record n n Use expanded DNS for service requests Multicast address allocation n Zeroconf Multicast Address Allocation Protocol (ZMAAP) n n n Allocate unique addresses and maintain them over time Prevent reallocation of assigned addresses Be notified of multicast allocation collision